WITNESS EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY: COURT STRIKES OUT PARTS OF DEFENDANT’S WITNESS STATEMENT AS NON COMPLIANT WITH PD57AC (AND THE DEFENDANT IS A BARRISTER…)
This case adds to the growing number of cases where the courts have considered whether a witness statement breaches PD 57AC and the consequences for breach. The defendant’s initial statement contained numerous breaches of PD57. A revised statement was more…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 61: CLAIM FOR LIBEL WAS NOT PROPERLY PLEADED: “MUCH OF THIS ESSENTIAL DETAIL IS MISSING”
As we shall see there are very strict and precise requirements for pleading libel. There are numerous cases where the claimant has failed to get past the preliminary stages because of inadequate pleadings. We look at such a case here….
CIVIL LITIGATION BRIEF HAS ITS OWN LINKEDIN PAGE (“ABOUT TIME TOO” – APPARENTLY)
Civil Litigation Brief now has its own LinkedIn page. It is another way of following the posts on this site. Posts will be posted as they are published and it is another way of being able to keep up to…
CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE CORNER 7: CLAIM FOR PSYCHIATRIC INJURY AS A RESULT OF BEING PRESENT AT BIRTH WAS STRUCK OUT: TESTING THE PARAMETERS OF PAUL -v- WOLVERHAMPTON
This case represents an attempt to sidestep the decision in Paul v Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust [2024] UKSC 1. As we shall see it was not successful. This is one of the first, if not the first, reported case since…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 56: SHOULD THE COURT STRIKE OUT THE ACTION WHEN THE CLAIMANT HAS PLEADED FALSE FACTS IN THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM ?
We are continuing to look at an unusual case in relation to pleadings. The claimant had pleaded false matters in the Particulars of Claim and admitted their falsity. The defendant applied to strike out the entire action. This judgment looks…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 53: THE HIGH COURT REJECTS AN ALLEGATION OF IMPROPER CONDUCT IN THE DRAFTING OF THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM: A CLAIMANT CAN BE “TORMENTED” AND THIS IS NOT ABUSIVE…
We are looking at a judgment that goes to the very heart of what a lawyer can properly draft in relation to pleadings. It considers what the line is between putting the case in an “effective and high level way”…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 49: THE COURT STRIKES OUT TWO HUNDRED PARAGRAPHS OF A REPLY
We are looking at a case that has many procedural points of interest to litigators. We are starting by looking at the judge’s observations on the claimants’ Reply which was described as “Defective” and large parts struck out. There are…
CLAIMS AGAINST THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEATHS ARISING FROM COVID WERE STRUCK OUT: CAUSATION COULD NOT BE ESTABLISHED
In this case, decided yesterday, the court struck out the claimants’ case alleging that deaths were caused by, or materially contributed to, by the negligence of the defendant. The court had the important caveats in relation to the striking out…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 46: THE DEFENDANT HAD AGREED THAT THE DEFENCE AS DRAFTED BROKE THE RULES
We are looking at a case where we get a hint of a defence that was so defective that, ultimately, the defendant agreed it should be struck out and entirely repleaded. It provides an object lesson on how a defence…
COURT OF APPEAL REFUSES PERMISSION FOR APPELLANT TO AMEND PLEADINGS OR RELY ON NEW EVIDENCE: GET YOUR CASE TOGETHER BEFORE AN APPLICATION NOT AFTER IT…
In this judgment today the Court of Appeal refused an application by an appellant to rely on amended Particulars of Claim or adduce new evidence in a case where the claim was struck out. The Court made the point that…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 45: THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM SHOWED NO ARGUABLE CAUSE OF ACTION AND WERE STRUCK OUT
Here we have an example of a case where the allegations against the proposed (Part 20) defendant were inadequately pleaded. So inadequate that the judge struck out the particulars and refused the applicant’s permission to rely on amended particulars (which…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 43: SHOULD THE COURT STRIKE OUT A DEFENCE THAT RELIES ON “FOREIGN ILLEGALITY”? WHAT DETAIL IS NEEDED?
This case considers the matters that a defendant must plead if it wants to rely on a defence of “foreign illegality”. That is the claim should not succeed because some of the matters were (allegedly) unlawful in a foreign jurisdiction. …
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 38: PARTICULARS OF CLAIM IN A £3,000,000 CLAIM STRUCK OUT: THE COURT USES A “CARROT AND STICK” APPROACH TO DEFECTIVE PLEADINGS
In this case the judge decided that the claimant’s pleaded case was so defective that the entire Particulars of Claim needed to be struck out. It is a working example of how pleadings need to be compliant and cannot be…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 37: PARTICULARS OF CLAIM STRUCK OUT: THEY “FAIL TO FULFIL ANY OF THE REQUIREMENTS IMPOSED FOR, AND PURPOSES TO BE SERVED BY, PARTICULARS OF CLAIM”
In this case the claimants claimed £292,806,729,326,976,872,097,543,994.24,(or alternatively £377,594,620,661.41.). However the court held that their pleaded case did not comply with the rules, and it was not possible for the defendants to know the case they had to meet. The…
DOES THE COUNTY COURT HAVE JURISDICTION TO DECIDE AN ACTION BROUGHT ON A FOREIGN JUDGMENT? SHOULD THE ACTION BE STRUCK OUT?
Here we have the County Court considering an unusual issue of jurisdiction. Does it have jurisdiction to decide an action brought at common law on a foreign judgment? If it does not should the action be struck out or simply…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 33: COURT OF APPEAL UPHOLDS STRIKING OUT OF SCHEDULE OF DAMAGES: “OVER-COMPLICATED”, “UNCLEAR”. “LACKING IN THE MOST BASIC INFORMATION NECESSARY” (OH AND MANY OF THE CLAIMS WERE UNPLEADED…)
It is rare for a schedule of damages to come under close scrutiny prior to the trial itself. Here the Court of Appeal upheld a decision to strike out large parts of the appellants’ claim for damages. Many of the…
SHOULD A COURT STRIKE AN ACTION OUT AFTER A TRIAL WHEN THE CLAIMANTS’ CONDUCT HAS BEEN REALLY BAD? THE HIGH COURT CONSIDERS THE QUESTION…
Here we are considering an unusual issue about an unusual case. At the end of the evidence the defendants made a submission that the action should be struck out because the claimants conduct had made a fair trial impossible. The…
COST BITES 269: WHAT COSTS ORDERS SHOULD BE MADE WHEN THE CLAIMANTS AVOID STRIKING OUT BY AMENDING THEIR PLEADINGS, BUT THE DEFENDANT OPPOSED THE APPLICATION TO AMEND? LITIGATION ON A “PAY AS YOU GO” BASIS
If ever a judgment showed how difficult litigation can be it is the costs decision we are looking at here. A defendant made an application to strike out a case on the grounds of inadequate pleadings. That application would, without…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 27: CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE CLAIM STRUCK OUT BECAUSE OF INADEQUATE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM: (SOME POINTS OF IMPORTANCE FOR NON CLIN-NEG LAWYERS HERE AS WELL).
Anyone drafting, or contemplating drafting, a pleading in a clinical negligence claim (indeed any type of claim) would be best advised to read, in detail, the judgment we are considering today. The judge went through an amended Particulars of Claim…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 23: THE DEFENDANTS SHOULD NOT HAVE TO GUESS THE CASE THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO MEET: CLAIM AGAINST SOLICITOR STRUCK OUT
We are looking at another case where it was held that the claimant’s Particulars of Claim were pleaded in an unsatisfactory manner. Even at the third attempt of amendment the case did not make sense and the action struck out….
ACTION STRUCK OUT BECAUSE CLAIMANT FAILED TO COMPLY PROPERLY WITH AN UNLESS ORDER FOR DETAILS OF FUNDING: DECISION UPHELD ON APPEAL
Here we look at a case where the Court of Appeal upheld a decision that the claimant had failed to comply with the terms of a peremptory order. The action was, therefore, struck out. It is a salutary and important…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 22: WHOLE BATCHES OF CASES STRUCK OUT BECAUSE THE PARTICULARS WERE DEFICIENT: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED
Here we are looking at a case where numerous actions brought by the claimant were struck out because the Particulars of Claim were wholly deficient. They remained wholly deficient even after the court had made a peremptory order compelling the…
SECOND (AND THIRD) APPLICATIONS FOR RELIEF THAT ARE, ESSENTIALLY, FOR THE SAME THING NOT ALLOWED TO PROCEED: THE APPLICATIONS WERE ABUSIVE
Here we are looking at a case where defendants, debarred from defending an action, made consecutive (and ultimately fruitless) applications to vary the orders that caused them to be debarred and several applications for relief from sanction. The court was…
A COUNTERCLAIM WAS CORRECTLY STRUCK OUT AFTER A CLAIM WAS STRUCK OUT FOR DELAY: “APPROBATING”, “REPROBATING” AND “TECHNICAL WAREHOUSING” CONSIDERED
Here we have a case where the defendant unsuccessfully appealed against the striking out of its counterclaim. The claimants had consented to the claim being struck out, on the defendant’s application, due to undue delay in the action. The defendant…
BANK’S CLAIM AGAINST SOLICITORS FOR “CAUSING LOSS BY UNLAWFUL MEANS” IS NOT STRUCK OUT, NOR ARE THE SOLICITORS GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT: A LOT TO THINK ABOUT HERE
We are looking at a judgment from today where a bank has brought a claim against a firm of solicitors arguing that they have caused the bank loss because of the number and nature of complaints made by the solicitors’…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 16: THE CASE AGAINST ALL REMAINING DEFENDANTS WAS STRUCK OUT: THE CLAIMANT CANNOT SIMPLY PLEAD “SOMEONE HERE” MUST BE TO BLAME
We are looking at a case where the court struck out the claimant’s case against three defendants because of the inadequate way in which the case was pleaded. General assertions that someone here must be to blame were not sufficient. The…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 13: INAPPROPRIATE PLEADING OF FRAUD LEADS TO COSTS ON AN INDEMNITY BASIS
I am not sure whether there are more cases about pleadings recently, or whether I am noticing them more having started this series. However issues relating to statements of case keep arising. Here we look at a case where the…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 11: THE COURT WON’T STRIKE OUT PARTS OF THE DEFENCE BECAUSE… ITS ACTUALLY THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM THAT DON’T MAKE MUCH SENSE
NB – SEE THE APPEAL JUDGMENT ON ONE ISSUE IN THIS CASE IN Prudence v Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [2026] EWHC 96 (KB) Here we are looking at a judgment that is all about statements of case (or at…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 8: “ASSERTED LOSS” DID NOT COMPLY WITH THE RULES AND THE CLAIM WAS STRUCK OUT
We are looking at a case where the entire case was struck out on various grounds. The claimant did not attend the hearing to dispute the issues. However I have isolated one ground of the judgment which relates to a…
CPR 11 AND THE PRINCIPLES IN HODDINOTT DO NOT APPLY IN A CASE WHERE THE COURT HAS NO JURISDICTION AT ALL: AN INTERESTING JUDGMENT
I am grateful to Elliot Gold, barrister, for sending me a copy of the decision of HHJ Bloom in Davidson -v- The London Centre of Psychodrama, a copy of which is available here DavidsonJudgment. The judge, among other…
COST BITES 215: NON-COMPLIANT POINTS OF DISPUTE STRUCK OUT – BUT THE COMPLIANT PARTS REMAIN.
In Christodoulides v CP Christou LLP [2025] EWHC 214 (SCCO) Deputy Costs Judge Roy KC considered the appropriate approach were part of the Points of Dispute to a bill of costs were non-compliant. He held that the appropriate course of…
THE COURT DOES NOT HAVE POWER TO STRIKE OUT AN ORDER FOR AN ACCOUNT: AN APPLICATION THAT WAS “ILL JUDGED” AND “PUT FORWARD UNDER A JURISDICTION WHICH THE COURT PLAINLY DOES NOT HAVE”
In Hubbard & Anor v Hubbard & Anor [2024] EWHC 3123 (Ch) Master Marsh (sitting in retirement) rejected a defendant’s application to strike out a claim for an account and for summary judgment for the defendant. The court had no…
BITCOINS IN THE TIP: DEFENDANT COUNCIL GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT: CLAIMANT’S ARGUMENT ON LIMITATION DESCRIBED AS “DESPERATE”
In Howells v Newport City Council [2025] EWHC 22 (Ch) HHJ Keyser KC granted summary judgment to the defendant council in an unusual case. The claimant was seeking to recover a computer hard drive which had been put in the…
CLAIM WAS ISSUED PROPERLY IN THE HIGH COURT, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS SENT TO THE WRONG OFFICE
In Lawrence, R (On the Application Of) v London Borough of Croydon [2024] EWHC 3061 (Admin) Mr Justice Linden dismissed the defendant’s application to strike out a claim on the basis that it had not been brought in time. The…
ACTIONS OF TWO CLAIMANTS STRUCK OUT BECAUSE THEIR WITNESS STATEMENTS WERE IN ENGLISH AND THEY COULD NOT SPEAK ENGLISH: “THE SOLICITORS HAVE NOT DONE THEIR DUTY APPROPRIATELY”
We are returning to the judgment of Mr Justice Martin Spencer in Rashpal Samrai & Ors v Rajinder Kalia [2024] EWHC 3143 (KB). More accurately we are looking at a preliminary judgment in the case which appears as an annexe to…
COURT OF APPEAL FIND THAT CLAIMANT’S ACTION AGAINST “WRONG” DEFENDANT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN STRUCK OUT: PERMISSION TO AMEND THE CLAIM SHOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN
I am grateful to barrister James Patience for sending me a copy of the Court of Appeal judgment in ELYSA ALTON and – POWSZECHNY ZAKLAD UBEZPIECZEN [2024] EWCA Civ 1435. The Court of Appeal upheld the decision of a Circuit…
SECOND ACTION STRUCK OUT AS AN ABUSE OF PROCESS: HIDING AN INTENTION TO START FRESH PROCEEDINGS IS A HIGHLY DANGEROUS STRATEGY
In BCLI v Commissioner of the Police for the Metropolis [2024] EWHC 3018 (KB) HHJ Karen Walden-Smith (sitting as a Judge of the High Court) struck out a claimant’s second action against the defendant police force. The action failed because,…
CLAIM AGAINST ALLEGEDLY DISHONEST EXPERT NOT STRUCK OUT: THESE ISSUES SHOULD BE DETERMINED AT TRIAL
In EUI Ltd (t/a Admiral) v Smith [2024] EWHC 2803 (KB) Mr Justice Griffiths refused an expert’s application to strike out the case against him. He upheld the decision of the Circuit Judge and stated that the issues should go…
BRINGING A REPRESENTATIVE ACTION WAS A FLIGHT OF FANCY: ACTION ON BEHALF OF NUMEROUS PASSENGERS STRUCK OUT
In Smyth v British Airways Plc & Anor [2024] EWHC 2173 (KB) Master Davison struck out an action which claimed to be a “representative action” on behalf of thousands (if not millions) of airline passengers. The judge was sceptical about…
STRIKING OUT FOR DELAY: THE DANGERS FOR A COUNTERCLAIMING DEFENDANT IN LETTING SLEEPING DOGS LIE
In Western Avenue Properties Ltd & Anor v SONI & Anor [2024] EWHC 2124 (KB) Master Davison struck out a counterclaim on the grounds of delay. The claim had already been struck out for delay. In these circumstances the principles…
CAN A COURT STRIKE OUT A CASE ON THE GROUNDS THAT THE CLAIMANT HAS NO REAL INTENTION OF PROCEEDING TO TRIAL? IT CAN – BUT NOT IN THIS CASE
In Lloyd v Hayward & Anor [2024] EWHC 2033 (Ch) HHJ Keyser KC (sitting as a Judge of the High Court) considered the question of whether the delay in the progress of an action should lead to it being struck…
A SHORT PLEADING POINT: PLEADING FRAUD – A BLAST FROM THE PAST
I can’t think of any other case where this blog has featured a case that was decided prior to the introduction of the Civil Procedure Rules. However the judgment in Rigby v Decorating Den Systems Ltd [1999] EWCA Civ 986…
AN ACTION THAT HAS BEEN “WAREHOUSED” WILL NORMALLY BE STRUCK OUT AS AN ABUSE OF PROCESS: COMPELLING REASONS TO THE CONTRARY ARE REQUIRED
In Watford Control Instruments Ltd v Brown [2024] EWHC 1125 (Ch) Mr Justice Richards struck out the claimants action on the grounds that it had “warehoused” the action for several years and this amounted to an abuse of process. Such…
DEFENCE AND COUNTERCLAIM STRUCK OUT BECAUSE THE DEFENDANT RELIED ON WITHOUT PREJUDICE COMMUNICATIONS
In West v Churchill & Anor [2024] EWHC 940 (Ch) HHJ Keyser KC (sitting as a High Court Judge) struck out a defence and counterclaim that referred to without prejudice negotiations and correspondence. There had been no agreement reached between…
PROCEDURE, DAMAGES, LIABILITY, COSTS AND LIMITATION: A SERIES OF WEBINARS THIS YEAR AIMING TO HELP AVOID OR DEAL WITH PROBLEMS IN LITIGATION
The issues arising from many of the cases looked at on this blog are being considered in a series of webinars starting later this month. The webinars cover many of the problem areas of litigation: what to do when things…
THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM WERE TOO LONG, TOO CONFUSING AND DID NOT COMPLY WITH THE RULES.
In Halsion Limited v St Thomas Street Development Limited [2023] EWHC 2045 (TCC) HHJ Cawson KC, sitting as a High Court Judge, struck out the claimant’s Particulars of Claim. The Particulars were too long and rambling and failed to comply…
“GIVEN THE INCOMPETENT WAY THE LITIGATION HAD BEEN CONDUCTED TO DATE”: CIRCUIT JUDGE WAS RIGHT TO REFUSE AND ADJOURNMENT AND RIGHT IN STRIKING OUT THE CLAIM
In Brem v Clark & Anor [2023] EWHC 1358 (KB) Mr Justice Martin Spencer dismissed an appeal against a decision to strike out an action. The claimant’s counsel failed to attend at the hearing, but the judge was correct to…
CLAIMANT’S CONVENTION CLAIM DISMISSED FOLLOWING ATTEMPT TO AMEND AFTER THE EXPIRY OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD
I am grateful to Barrister Katherine Howells for sending me a copy of the judgment in Hallett -v- TUI Airways Limited, a copy of which is available here Approved Judgment Hallett v TUI Airways Limited. The case deals with the…
PROVING THINGS 227: IF YOU ARE GOING TO ALLEGE THAT LAWYERS WERE NEGLIGENT IN NOT CALLING EVIDENCE THEN YOU REALLY SHOULD REALLY HAVE THAT EVIDENCE TO HAND
The decision in Murithi & Ors v AVH Legal LLP (t/a Tandem Law) & Ors [2023] EWHC 1245 (KB) has in some ways a profound irony. A case alleging negligence by lawyers for failing to call evidence itself failed because…
THE JUDGE WAS WRONG TO STRIKE OUT A PROPERLY PLEADED CLAIM IN A PERSONAL INJURY CASE: JUDGE’S SHOULD BE ASTUTE TO DEAL WITH APPLICATIONS TO STRIKE OUT WHICH ARE, IN REALITY, APPLICATIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
The judgment of Mr Justice Choudhury in Kasongo v CRBE Ltd & Anor [2023] EWCA Civ 557 demonstrates the danger when a defendant makes an application to strike out a statement of case. The judge allowed an appeal where a…
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