CHANGES COMING INTO FORCE ON THE 1ST OCTOBER 2026: HOUSING LAWYERS BE AWARE…
Some, apparently, minor updates to Practice Directions have a major significance for housing law practitioners in particular. Here we look at the major change, which relates to housing disrepair claims and the minor corrections. KEY PRACTICE POINTS The addition…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 95: THE DEFENDANT’S ARGUMENT THAT THE JUDGE HAD AWARDED THE CLAIMANTS MORE THAN THEIR PLEADED CASE
This is another case relating to pleading damages. Here the objection was that the judge had awarded the claimants more than they had pleaded. In some circumstances this may have made a difference. On the facts of this case it…
THROWBACK FRIDAY: FOR WANT OF A PAGE IN A BUNDLE THE DAMAGES WERE LOWER… (SEPTEMBER 2015)
Here we look at a post from 2015 about a missing page in a trial bundle. The claimant argued that the missing page meant that damages had been too low. The judge held that that an application the day after…
THE PAYING PARTY’S MANUAL: HOW TO REDUCE YOUR OWN CLIENT’S LIABILITY TO PAY THEIR OPPONENT’S COSTS: THE WEBINAR, THE BOOK AND THE TOOLKIT
There is surprisingly little practical guidance for litigators on how to reduce their own client’s liability to pay their opponent’s costs. This webinar, book and toolkit aims to help fill that gap. Starting from the premise that potential liability for…
WHAT HAS CIVIL LITIGATION BRIEF DONE ABOUT … PLEADING DAMAGES? A 10 POINT CHECKLIST TO AVOID YOUR CLIENTS (AND YOU…) GETTING INTO DIFFICULTIES…
The two posts earlier today on the judgment in Amaal Ventures Ltd v Eros Ltd looked at problems arising because of a failure to plead damages. This is not an new issue. Here we use the CLB archive to provide…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 93 : CAN YOU CLAIM £2.569 MILLION IN DAMAGES WHEN YOU HAVEN’T PLEADED IT? NOW THAT’S AN IMPORTANT QUESTION…
If ever there was a case that would persuade you of the importance of pleadings it is this one. The claimant had succeeded on many issues at a trial. It now wanted to claim £2,569 million in damages. However an…
PROPORTIONALITY AND LITIGATION (3): WHAT DO YOU DO IF YOUR OPPONENT IS BEHAVING DISPROPORTIONATELY?
The previous post in this series looked at cases where the parties had “drifted” into disproportionate conduct and costs. However we should not be naive. Some litigants, and some litigators, will expressly threaten to run up costs as a litigation…
PROPORTIONALITY AND LITIGATION (2): WHERE DOES IT ALL START TO GO WRONG? (AND HOW DO YOU AVOID IT?)
This short series on proportionality is aimed, primarily, at protecting the client and the lawyer. A client may be exposed to excessive costs and the lawyers get blamed for this. There are (it is to be hoped) few cases where…
THE SRA CANNOT COMPEL A SOLICITOR TO DISCLOSE A CLIENT’S PRIVILEGED DOCUMENTS: THE FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL PROFESSIONAL PRIVILEGE
This is an important case about legal professional privilege. The headline result is that the SRA have no power to override such privilege when carrying out an investigation. It also highlights the hurdles any party can face when seeking to…
PROPORTIONALITY IN LITIGATION (1): A TEN POINT GUIDE FOR CIVIL LITIGATORS: A REVIEW OF CASE LAW AND POSTS OVER THE PAST 13 YEARS
Yesterday we looked at a judgment in the Court of Appeal where the sum at stake was £25. The court was, shall we say, “sceptical” about whether this litigation was for the benefit of the actual client. For a while…
COST BITES 454 : INTEREST ON COSTS: A SERIES OF CHECKLISTS AND USEFUL LINKS FOR THE PAYING PARTY
Last week we looked at a recent judgment which concerned interest on costs. That post also contained a series of checklists relating to interest on costs for the receiving party. I promised corresponding checklists for the paying party. There are…
COST BITES 453: YOU ARE NOT GETTING A SUMMARY ASSESSMENT JUST BECAUSE YOU ALL WANT ONE: THE BROADBRUSH IS TOO BLUNT A TOOL FOR THIS PROCESS
We are returning to the previous case to look at the judgment in relation to the judge’s comments on the method of assessment. All the parties favoured a summary assessment, the Senior Costs Judge found that this was not appropriate….
A FITTING END TO THE BAYEUX THEMED WEEK: SHOULD FRANCE HAVE JURISDICTION IN THIS CASE? MORE ABOUT LAWYERS USING WITNESS STATEMENTS TO PUT FORWARD LEGAL ARGUMENTS (DO IT IF YOU WILL – BUT IT NEVER HELPS…)
Observant readers (and possibly the less observant ones) will have noticed that this week we have been paying homage to the arrival of the Bayeux Tapestry in the UK. It is fitting then that we end the week with a…
COST BITES 451 : INTEREST ON COSTS A RECENT JUDGMENT, A REVIEW OF POSTS AND USEFUL CHECKLISTS FOR THE RECEIVING PARTY
Here we look at a recent decision on interest on costs. It also provides an opportunity to review previous posts on the topic and use them to look at a checklist on these issues for the receiving party. “I was…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 92: THE NEED TO PROVIDE PARTICULARS OF SIGNIFICANT ALLEGATIONS: DEFENDANTS’ (LARGELY) SUCCESSFUL REQUEST FOR FURTHER INFORMATION NEEDED BEFORE THEY FILED A DEFENCE
Reports relating to requests for further information are relatively rare. In this case the judge considers the defendants’ request in detail. The claimant was not ordered to answer all of the questions raised. However the judgment does illustrate important issues…
WHEN CHAT GPT DRAFTED A “SKELETON” ARGUMENT – 300 PAGES AND 132,000 WORDS LONG: THE LITIGANT RETAINS RESPONSIBILITY AND MUST COMPLY WITH THE RULES
We have here another example, in a judgment today, of the difficulties caused by the use of AI. ChatGPT “helpfully” drafted a “skeleton” argument that was 300 pages long (the maximum page length allowed was 20 pages). This was coupled…
WITNESS EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY: THOSE WHO DRAFTED THE WITNESS STATEMENTS “HAVE FORGOTTEN WHAT THE ROLE OF THE WITNESS STATEMENT IS”: A USEFUL CHECKLIST AND LINKS TO KEEP YOU ON THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW
Here we look at a case where the judge was extremely blunt in his critique of the way in which both parties had drafted the witness statements. The judgment was from a few years back. However we are looking at…
SERVICE POINTS 54: THE CLAIMANT FAILED TO SERVE A SEALED CLAIM FORM IN TIME: THERE WAS NO OBLIGATION ON A DEFENDANT TO MAKE AN APPLICATION UNDER CPR 7.7: THE ACTION BITES THE DUST
Here we have a case where the claimant simply failed to serve a sealed claim form in time. Despite being warned of this by the defendant the claimant insisted that service of an unsealed claim form was sufficient. The claimant…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 91 : THE COURT FINDS FOR THE CLAIMANT ON A POINT NOT PLEADED: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATEMENT OF THE AGREED ISSUES FOR TRIAL
The previous post looked at the costs consequences of a claimant pleading a case on a wide basis and then succeeding on the basis of a case that was not specifically pleaded. It is worthwhile looking at the judgment on…
COST BITES 450: IF THE CLAIMANT SUCCEEDED ON A CASE THAT WAS NOT PLEADED SHOULD IT THEN PAY THE DEFENDANTS’ COSTS?
Here the “Cost Bites” series interacts with the “Present Importance of Pleadings”. The judge considered issues relating to liability to pay costs when the claimant had succeeded, but on a basis that was not pleaded. In these circumstances should the…
THE DUTY OF FULL AND FRANK DISCLOSURE: USEFUL GUIDANCE AND AN ESSENTIAL CHECKLIST WHEN MAKING AN APPLICATION TO SERVE OUT…
The case we looked at in the previous post highlighted the dangers of failing to comply with the duties owed on a without notice application, an application to serve out in particular. The same judgment had some important guidance for…
A COURT SETS ASIDE AN ORDER MADE WITHOUT NOTICE: ANOTHER CASE THAT EMPHASISES THE IMPORTANCE OF FAIR PRESENTATION AT THESE APPLICATIONS: A LAWYER CANNOT SIMPLY PROMOTE A “CONSPIRACY THEORY” BUT MOST ACT OBJECTIVELY AND CAREFULLY
We have looked many times at cases where “without notice” applications have come under fire. In particular in relation to arguments that the applicants have failed in their duty of full and frank disclosure to the court. We see that…
THE REPLY: THE THEME OF THE DAY: SIX USEFUL CHECKLISTS: MAKING SURE YOUR PLEADING DOESN’T FAIL THE BASIC TESTS
A post earlier today promised checklists on the essential elements that need to be considered when drafting a Reply. There are six here (we will deal with drafting a Defence to counterclaim separately). These should be useful in relation to…
DRAFTING A REPLY: WHAT IT SHOULD CONTAIN AND WHAT IT SHOULD NOT: THE KEY ISSUES CONSIDERED
You may have noted that the theme of today is the Reply. Here we look at how a Reply should be drafted if a decision is made that one should be served. “A Reply should not, however, be used to…
BACK TO BASICS MONDAY: THE RIGHT TO REPLY: WHEN MUST YOU DO IT AND WHEN SHOULD YOU DO IT? THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF A DEFENCE TO COUNTERCLAIM
There are a surprising number of cases that deal with the drafting of a Reply. Today we are having a detailed look of the rules and case law relating to the Reply. Here we take a look at the rules…
COST BITES 449 : YOUR CASE AGAINST ME WAS DISMISSED BECAUSE YOU HAD NO PROPER CAUSE OF ACTION: SHOULD I GET 100% OF MY COSTS ON THE INDEMNITY BASIS? (LIFE IS MORE NUANCED THAN THIS…)
Here we look at a case where a defendant was successful in having an action against him struck out because there was no viable cause of action. The questions addressed here were – should the claimant recover 100% of his…
THE IMPORTANCE OF MAKING AN APPLICATION TO EXTEND TIME BEFORE THE DATE OF COMPLIANCE: THE COURT DOES NOT CONSIDER DENTON PRINCIPLES EVEN IF THE APPLICANT FAILS TO MEET THEIR OWN PROPOSED TIMETABLE
What is the situation if a party seeks a prospective application of time for compliance but, whilst the application is pending, does not act by the date they proposed? Is this still and “in-time” application? Should it be treated any…
THROWBACK FRIDAY: ADVISING CLIENTS AS TO THE RISKS OF LITIGATION: “CLIENTS WANT TWO INCONSISTENT THINGS”: CASES AND GUIDANCE (SEPTEMBER 2018)
Some things are timeless in litigation. The fact that it carries risks is without doubt one of those things. Here we look at a post that considered the duty to advise on the risks of litigation and how to fulfil…
WILL AN INSURER PAY FOR THIS? ONE OF THE MOST ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS IN LITIGATION CONSIDERED: WEBINAR 30th OCTOBER 2026
The post earlier this week on the claimant’s inability to use TUPE to bring a claim against a defendant highlights the very real difficulties that exist when there is no defendant who can pay the claim. In that case the…
CLAIM AGAINST A SOLICITOR WAS STRUCK OUT: THERE HAD BEEN NUMEROUS PROCEDURAL DEFAULTS AND THESE WOULD HAVE BEEN FORGIVEN…
We are looking at a case where a claim against a defendant solicitor was struck out. It was struck out because there was no arguable case against the solicitor. However the claimants had also breached numerous rules before and after…
CAN THE HIGH COURT ISSUE AN INJUNCTION PREVENTING THE ISSUE OF PROCEEDINGS IN THE COUNTY COURT? A QUESTION WITH A ONE WORD ANSWER…
Can the court grant an injunction to prevent the issue of proceedings in this jurisdiction? That was the question considered here. The answer was clear, and the judgment brief… “in my judgment, the court does not have jurisdiction to grant…
LAWYERS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AVOIDING THE PITFALLS (3): AI AND WITNESS EVIDENCE: VERY DANGEROUS BEDFELLOWS: TWENTY KEY POINTS
We have looked several times at the dangers of using Artificial Intelligence to draft witness statements. It would be naive to believe that this issue is not going to arise again. Indeed it may well already be a common feature…
COST BITES 448: THE FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY HAS TO PAY THE FULL COSTS OF LOSING AN ACTION: ARGUMENTS ABOUT “CHILLING EFFECT” WERE NOT ESTABLISHED AND NOT EVIDENCED IN ANY EVENT
Here we look at some unusual arguments from an unsuccessful defendant as to why it should not be liable to pay the claimants’ costs in full. In the end the defendant succeeded in reducing the costs of a single claimant…
COST BITES 447 : SHOULD A DEFENDANT’S DERAILMENT OF AN EARLY NEUTRAL EVALUATION LEAD TO INDEMNITY COSTS ORDERS BEING MADE AGAINST IT?
Here we have an interesting judgment on the interaction between costs, pleadings and the court’s encouragement of an ADR Process. The claimant argued that a defendant’s conduct lead to the adjournment, and eventual abandonment of an Early Neutral Evaluation (“ENE”)….
WEBINAR ON PERIODICAL PAYMENTS AND PROVISIONAL DAMAGES: 9th SEPTEMBER 2026: USEFUL GUIDANCE, CHECKLISTS AND QUESTIONNAIRES
This webinar provides a practical and up-to-date analysis of the law and practice relating to provisional damages and periodical payments in personal injury litigation. It begins with a review of recent case law, including a professional negligence claim arising from…
SHOULD (OR CAN) THE COURT MAKE AN ORDER FOR PRE-ACTION DISCLOSURE WHEN THE PROPOSED DEFENDANT IS BASED IN ITALY? ANOTHER PAD APPLICATION COMES TO GRIEF…
Earlier today I promised a second post on pre-action disclosure. This case considered a number of issues, including whether the court actually has jurisdiction to make a PAD order when the respondent is based abroad. The judgment goes further than…
COST BITES 446 : SHOULD THE COURT HAVE MADE A NON-PARTY COSTS ORDER? SHOULD THE APPELLANT HAVE BEEN CROSS-EXAMINED AND WAS THE COURT BOUND TO ACCEPT HIS EVIDENCE?
This is a case about non-party costs orders that has some unusual elements. Firstly an argument that since the appellant was not cross-examined the court was bound to accept his assertions that he had no direct financial interest in the…
DEALING WITH FISH FILES, PROCRASTINATION AND DELAY: THE LITIGATOR’S FRIEND: A REMINDER OF USEFUL LINKS, POSTS AND GUIDANCE AND SOME USEFUL CHECKLISTS
Many of the problem areas of litigation we look at regularly (possibly daily) are often the result of human error. Sometimes there are mistakes as to substantive law, more often there are mistakes as to procedure. One major theme is…
SETTING ASIDE A DEFAULT JUDGMENT, DENTON AND DELAY: SHOULD THE COURT REFUSE THE DEFENDANT RELIEF BECAUSE THEY HAD CAUSED UNNECESSARY DELAY AND COSTS?
For many years now there have been issues relating to how far the “Denton” criteria run alongside the rules relating to applications to set aside a default judgment. We have such a case here. There was clearly an arguable defence,…
COST BITES 445: USEFUL CHECKLISTS (2): A CHECKLIST ON COSTS IN HOUSING DISREPAIR CASES (FOR DEFENDANTS) TOGETHER WITH SOME USEFUL LINKS
Yesterday we looked at a checklist on costs for claimants in housing disrepair cases. In the interest of balance I said the next in the series would be aimed at defendants. Here is the checklist as promised. It encourages litigators…
ADVOCACY THE JUDGE’S VIEW SERIES 4: A RECAP OF THE PREVIOUS SERIES AND THE DEADLY SINS OF ADVOCATES: DON’T BE CONFUSING OR BORING
The fourth series on the Judge’s views of advocacy only had two posts. The second post in the series consisted of a tweet from an (anonymous) judge “Get to the Point Quickly”. The first in the series contained a…
INSURER’S APPLICATION TO COMMIT STRUCK OUT AS AN ABUSE OF PROCESS: LITIGATION IS NOT CONDUCTED ON THE BASIS THAT, NOTWITHSTANDING THE ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE, A PARTY MAY BE ABLE TO PUT MATTERS RIGHT AT SOMETIME IN THE FUTURE…
In this case an insurer’s application to commit a personal injury claimant to prison was struck out. This was because the insurer applicant failed to satisfy the court that it had any right to bring the action in the name…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 89: AN APPELLANT CANNOT PURSUE AN UNPLEADED “NEW, NEW CASE”: APPEAL IN CASE AGAINST SOLICITORS WAS “WASTEFUL OF TIME AND RESOURCES”
This is a case that started off as a consideration of the way in which a defendant firm of solicitors adduced evidence to support assertions that there was a history of fraud in motor accident claims. The appellants here, the…
THE DANGERS OF SUING A DISSOLVED COMPANY WHICH HAS BEEN RESTORED TO THE REGISTER: COURT REFUSES TO EXTEND TIME BEYOND THE PERIOD OF DISSOLUTION
Here we have an important judgement pointing out that, in effect, the limitation period starts running again once a company is restored to the register. The court cannot grant an order under the Companies Act which extends limitation beyond the…
EXPERT WATCH 68: THE MISUSE OF AI: “CREATE ME AN EXCEPTIONAL EXPERT WITNESS REPORT”: SHOW HOW MY CLIENT “IS 0% AT FAULT”: THIS WITNESS HAD A FEW PROBLEMS…
“What happens in America eventually happens over here” is a well known maxim. It is for that reason we are looking at a case about expert evidence and the use of artificial intelligence from the United States. (To be frank…
WITNESS EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY: YOU CANNOT NECESSARILY RELY ON INTERLOCUTORY WITNESS STATEMENTS AT TRIAL
Here we have a case where the claimant, wrongfully, believed that she could rely on witness statements that had been served in the course of the proceedings in addition to the statement served for trial. She was given permission to…
COST BITES 442: AN IMPORTANT POINT TO WATCH WHEN SEEKING TO RECOVER COSTS ON A COUNTERCLAIM
Here we look at an important point in relation to the costs of a counterclaim. If a party is awarded the costs of the counterclaim those costs may be very narrowly confined. In this case the defendant attempted to recover…
COST BITES 441: NO ORDER FOR COSTS – EVEN THOUGH THE APPLICANT WAS SUCCESSFUL: THERE ARE MANY LESSONS TO LEARN HERE…
Last week this blog had a fairly detailed review of those circumstances which often lead to no order for costs being made. We have another example here. The applicant had succeeded in the application it had made, however the judge…
CIVIL LITIGATION BRIEF WEBINARS COMING UP LATER THIS YEAR: A NEW DISCOUNT CODE
CLB members have a discount to a series of webinars on damages that start in September. The series is intended to provide practical guidance for practitioners dealing with claims of every size, from straightforward road traffic accidents to catastrophic injury litigation….
COST BITES 438 : CLAIMANT’S UNTENABLE ARGUMENTS LEADS TO REDUCTION IN COSTS RECOVERED: HOURLY RATES FAR TOO HIGH, EVEN WHEN THE CLAIM WAS “ONLY” FOR £9 MILLION
This decision as to costs gives rise to two interesting issues. Firstly the claimant’s costs of an injunction application were reduced substantially because assertions were put forward on a basis that were “unsustainable” and which should never have been pursued,…
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