PROVING THINGS 231: “WITNESS STATEMENTS” THAT ARE IN FACT EXPERT REPORTS: IDENTICAL PASSAGES IN WITNESS STATEMENTS: THIS DOES NOT END WELL FOR THE PARTY IN DEFAULT
In Cheshire Estate and legal Limited -v- Blanchfield & Others* HHJ Bever, sitting as a Judge of the High Court, considered witness statements served by the claimant that failed to comply with the Practice Direction. One was expert evidence posing…
“LITIGATION WISHFUL THINKING”: A RECENT CASE AND A RECAP : SOMETHING ALL LITIGATORS MUST BEAR IN MIND WHEN CONSIDERING WITNESS EVIDENCE
Many witnesses give inaccurate evidence. Sometimes this is due to dishonesty, others are mistaken. Many, it is to be suspected, fall foul of “litigation wishful thinking”. This concept was explored by Mr Justice Richards in Old Park Capital Maestro Fund…
WHEN IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE STATEMENT IS NOT IN THE WORDS THAT WITNESS WOULD USE: A REMINDER OF THE DANGERS
There is a short passage in the judgment of Costs Judge Leonard in Pulford v Hughes Fowler Carruthers Ltd [2023] EWHC 1429 (SCCO)that is illustrative of the dangers of “lawyerly” witness statement. THE CASE The judge was considering issues of…
ON THIS BLOG NINE YEARS AGO: WITNESS STATEMENTS, WITNESS CREDIBILITY AND WITNESS SUMMARIES
Continuing with the series looking a posts from this blog from the past, here we look at posts from June 2014. This was an interesting month, the blog set out all the arguments that took place in the Denton decision. There…
WITNESS CREDIBILITY:”BLAMING LEGAL ADVISERS FOR LEGAL DOCUMENTATION”: A CASE IN POINT
The judgment of HHJ Richard Williams (sitting as a High Court Judge) in Rancom Security Ltd v Girling & Ors [2023] EWHC 1115 (Ch) provides an interesting example of the assessment of witness credibility. It also highlights the point that…
WITNESS CREDIBILITY, MEMORY AND ACCURACY: REVISITING GESTMIN
This is another opportune time to re-visit the principles in Gestmin SGPS S.A. -v- Credit Suisse [2013] EWCA 3560 (Comm). This is case that is now mentioned regularly in cases involving witness recollection and dispute of facts. WHY LOOK AT GESTMIN?…
CROWING OVER COSTS IS NOT A GOOD LOOK FOR A LITIGANT: A REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
We are looking again at the judgment of Lord Justice Underhill in Credico Marketing Ltd & Anor v Lambert & Anor [2023] EWCA Civ 262. There is a very brief passage which serves as a reminder that clients can expect…
WITNESS STATEMENTS: NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULES AND WITNESS CREDIBILITY: A DEFENCE TO A CLAIM “BASED AT LEAST IN PART ON WISHFUL THINKING”
In Litkraft Ltd v Cottrell [2023] EWHC 465 (Comm) HHJ Pearce (sitting as a High Court Judge) considered issues relating to credibility and weight in a case where there had been non-compliance with the rules relating to witness statements. We…
JUDGMENT OF A FINDING OF FUNDAMENTAL DISHONESTY – BUT THIS CASE GOES MUCH FURTHER: COLLUSION IS FOUND
Here we are looking at a case where District Judge Lumb made a clear finding of fundamental dishonesty on the part of a personal injury claimant. That finding was confirmed, or perhaps compounded, by the judge’s views in relation to…
“THE FOUR WITNESS STATEMENTS ARE THE CAREFUL WORK OF A LEGAL TEAM”: JUDGE CRITICAL OF THE WAY STATEMENTS WERE PREPARED FOR TRIAL
There are many aspects of the judgment of Mr Justice Fancourt in Mackenzie v Rosenblatt Solicitors & Anor [2023] EWHC 331 (Ch) that are of interest to litigators. However here we look at the judge’s criticisms of the witness statements…
PROVING THINGS 246: WHEN THE WITNESS EVIDENCE MATCHES NEITHER THE PLEADINGS NOR THE CONTEMPORARY RECORDS
We are looking again at the judgment in Excalibur & Keswick Groundworks Ltd v McDonald [2023] EWCA Civ 18 from a slightly different stance. The appeal was about QOCS and setting aside a notice of discontinuance. However the process that led…
WITNESS CREDIBILITY: A SUMMARY OF THE APPROACH IN GESTMIN
A post last week dealt with issues relating to the judicial assessment of credibility. Here we look at one aspect of that in more detail. That is the decision in Gestmin SGPS SA v Credit Suisse (UK) Ltd & Anor…
WITNESS DEMEANOUR: ARGUMENTS CONSIDERED BY THE COURT OF APPEAL
Occasionally I will use Twitter to tweet links to previous posts on this blog which may continue to be of interest. I did this recently in relation to a post on witness credibility and demeanour that I wrote in 2018….
ASSESSING WITNESS CREDIBILITY: CREDIBILITY IS NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME THING AS HONESTY
Here I want to discuss the issue of witness (and client) credibility. Many cases will turn on credibility and any litigator has to be able to make an assessment of this when taking a case on; before issuing proceedings and…
“EACH OF THE CLAIMANTS’ STATEMENTS TENDED TO TAKE THE FORM OF A STANDARD TEMPLATE”: THE PERILS OF IDENTICAL EVIDENCE
It may say a lot about contemporary litigation that the practice of numerous witnesses producing near identical witness statements is so common that I almost decided not to write about it. The practice was considered by HHJ Judge Hodge QC…
WITNESS EVIDENCE, MEMORY AND CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE CASES: A DETAILED CONSIDERATION OF THE PRINCIPLES
We looked yesterday at the judgment of HHJ Tindal in Freeman -v- Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, a copy of which is available here. Freeman v Pennine NHS Judgment 03.12.21(without password) (1) The major part of that judgment contains a detailed…
WITNESS EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE: THE COURT CONSIDERS WHAT WAS SAID – 17 YEARS AFTER THE EVENT
In HTR v Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [2021] EWHC 3228 (QB) Mr Justice Cotter considered the issue of the reliability of witness evidence when the events being considered occurred 17 years previously. It is an example of the kind…
CAN ONE WITNESS STATEMENT SIMPLY SAY “I AGREE WITH THEM” ? THIS IS NEVER A GOOD IDEA: SOME CASES REVIEWED
I gave a webinar earlier today where an interesting question was asked. If a husband and wife are giving evidence and they agree with each other, can one statement simply say “I agree with them”? This “agreement” of witness statements…
CIVIL EVIDENCE: MISSING WITNESSES, HAMLET: “THE REST IS SILENCE…”: OH, AND IT IS THE JUDGE THAT IS ON TRIAL
The judgment of HHJ Hodge (sitting as a High Court judge) in Ahuja Investments Ltd v Victorygame Ltd & Anor (CONTRACT – Purchase of commercial investment property) [2021] EWHC 2382 (Ch) is one of interest to anyone involved in litigation…
A PERSON GIVING EVIDENCE AS TO EARNINGS AND PENSION MAY (OR MAY NOT) BE AN EXPERT: COURT CONSIDERS THE ISSUES
Returning to the judgment of Mr Justice Cavangh in TVZ & Ors v Manchester City Football Club Ltd [2021] EWHC 1179 (QB) the judge considered, but did not decide, whether statements from third parties as to earnings and pensions were…
WITNESS STATEMENTS: WITNESSES CAN, AND PROBABLY SHOULD, REFRESH THEIR MEMORY FROM CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS
Evidence of the degree and knowledge needed in drafting witness statements can be seen in the judgment of Mr Justice Jacobs in Global Display Solutions Ltd & Ors v NCR Financial Solutions Group Ltd & Anor [2021] EWHC 1119 (Comm)….
“VARIOUS WITNESSES CAN ALL GIVE HONEST BUT NEVERTHELESS CONFLICTING ACCOUNTS OF A GIVEN EVENT”: GESTMIN PRINCIPLES CONSIDERED IN THE CONTEXT OF A ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
In Barrow & Ors v Merret & Anor [2021] EWHC 792 (QB) Richard Hermer QC (sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge) considered the guidance given in Gestmin in the context of a road traffic accident. It is a reminder…
“POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACTIONS THAT MAY HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THIS CASE INCLUDE PERJURY, CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD AND CONSPIRACY TO PERVERT THE COURT OF JUSTICE”: THE NON-EXISTENT TRIP TO ILKLEY
The judgment of HH Judge Davis-White QC (sitting as a High Court Judge) in The British University in Dubai v Ebrahimi [2021] EWHC 757 (Ch) contains clear findings of fact in relation to three witnesses. Among the matters of interest…
THE JUDICIAL USE OF FOOTNOTES: A WIFE TRYING TO RUN HUSBAND OVER WITH A VAN IS “ALWAYS A TELLTALE SIGN THAT A COUPLE ARE DRIFTING APART”
The number of people who had not read the judgement of Canadian judge J.W. Quinn looked at last Sunday made me think that this would be a good time to remind people of the judgment in Bruni -v- Bruni in 2010. The…
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WITNESS STATEMENTS IN THE DOCK AGAIN: “DESPITE HAVING EXPRESSLY ADOPTED THE WITNESS STATEMENTS IN EVIDENCE IN CHIEF [HE] COULD NOT CONFIRM THAT IT REPRESENTED HIS EVIDENCE”
The judgment of Mrs Justice Moulder in PJSC Tatneft v Bogolyubov & Ors [2021] EWHC 411 (Comm) provides a further example of the contention that obtaining witness evidence is probably not part of the “stock in trade” of those who…
“Closing argument was in writing: an eye-glazing, bum-numbing, disc-herniating total of 662 pages (single-spaced, medium-sized font and heavily footnoted)”: A good time to repeat one of our favourite cases…
Periodically I feel bound to remind people of the case of The Hearing Clinic (Niagara Falls) Inc -v- Ontario Ltd, Lewis & Lewis 2014 ONAC 5831 (CanLii) a decision of Mr Justice J.W.Quinn. In the middle of “lockdown”, when we may well…
ANOTHER UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO SQUEEZE EXPERT EVIDENCE INTO A WITNESS STATEMENT
A common search term that leads to this blog is “opinion evidence in witness statements”, this remains a major issue in many areas of practice. It can be seen in the judgment of HHJ Hacon in Penhallurick v MD5 Ltd…
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCURATE WITNESS STATEMENTS: TURN DOWN £60,000 AND PAY OUT £90,000 INSTEAD…
One case that exemplifies the dangers of taking an “incomplete” witness statement is the decision of Judge Keyser Q.C. In Kellie & Kellie -v- Wheatley & Lloyd Architects Ltd [2014] EWHC 2866(TCC. This case gives a working example of the…
WHY CAN’T YOU ASK LEADING QUESTIONS IN COURT (AND WHY SHOULDN’T YOU DO IT WHEN PREPARING A WITNESS STATEMENT)
A search term that led to this blog today was “why can’t the case presenter or representative can ask his witness leading questions during evidence-in – chief?” Examination in chief is rare in civil cases. The dangers of asking leading…
PROVING THINGS 192: WHEN A WITNESS GIVES EVIDENCE OF MATTERS THAT TOOK PLACE 50 YEARS AGO: HOW THE JUDGE WEIGHS THE EVIDENCE
In Pinnegar v Kellogg International Corporation & Anor [2020] EWHC 3431 (QB) HHJ Platts (sitting as a High Court judge) considered the weight to be given to evidence of matters that had happened some 50 years previously. It shows that…
WITNESS STATEMENTS THAT REQUIRE TRANSLATION OR WHERE THE MAKER IS NOT LITERATE: FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH RULES IS NOT SIMPLY A “TECHNICAL BREACH”
In Diamond v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2020] EWHC 3313 Mr Justice Calver considered the weight to be attached to witness statements that did not comply with the Civil Procedure Rules. The case shows why everyone should…
A BARRISTER OF “GOOD JUDGEMENT”: WHEN THE PERSON WHO USUALLY DOES THE CROSS-EXAMINING IS IN THE WITNESS BOX
The judgment of Mr Justice Jay in Torrance v Bradberry [2020] EWHC 3260 (QB) is one that should be read by every practising lawyer. It is a case of a lawyer as defendant, being accused of negligence in their conduct…
“LITIGATION WISHFUL THINKING”: A REMINDER OF ITS IMPORTANCE
This blog has looked many times at those cases where a case is determined by the judge’s assessment of the credibility of the witnesses. This does not always (or event often) mean that the losing side are not telling the…
ASSESSING WITNESS CREDIBILITY A “REASONING PROCESS VITIATED BY AT LEAST THREE FUNDAMENTAL ERRORS OF APPROACH”: HIGH COURT LAYS DOWN THE LAW
In Dutta, R (On the Application Of) v General Medical Council (GMC) [2020] EWHC 1974 (Admin) Mr Justice Warby set out a powerful critique of the reasoning given by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal. The judgment contains an essential summary of…
WHEN WITNESS EVIDENCE GOES OFF TRACK: CREDIBILITY SPRINTS AWAY
There are several recent cases where judges deal with the issue of credibility and witnesses. The first we are looking it is the decision of HHJ Melissa Clarke in British Amateur Gymnastics Association v UK Gymnastics Ltd & Ors [2020]…
WHEN SHOULD A SOLICITOR MAKE A WITNESS STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THEIR CLIENTS? A REVIEW OF THE CASES
Last week I gave an in-house talk to a London firm of solicitors.* One of the matters we discussed was when (if ever) it was appropriate for a solicitor to make a witness statement in support of an interlocutory application. …
SOLICITORS GIVING EVIDENCE: A DUTY TO BE COMPLETELY HONEST AND SCRUPULOUSLY ACCURATE
There are particular dangers for solicitors giving evidence. This morning I wrote about the common (but totally wrong) practice of solicitors using witness statements to argue points of law. In Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority v Azima [2020] EWHC 1686…
WITNESS STATEMENTS “NOT IN MY STOCK IN TRADE”: HIGH COURT JUDGE HIGHLY CRITICAL OF ARGUMENTATIVE AND LARGELY IRRELEVANT WITNESS STATEMENTS
Last week I wrote about the report on witness evidence working group of the business and property courts. That report commented that drafting witness statements (more accurately evidence in chief) was no longer part of a lawyer’s “stock in trade”. …
WITNESS STATEMENTS: EDITED HIGHLIGHTS OF THE REPORT OF THE WITNESS EVIDENCE WORKING GROUP: THE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS
This report of the Witness Evidence Working Group was produced at the end of last year. It highlights some major issues in relation to the use of witness statements, and the role and experience of those preparing them. It has…
SURVEILLANCE EVIDENCE, ALLEGATIONS OF MALINGERING AND INDEMNITY COSTS (AGAINST THE DEFENDANT)
I had no sooner finished a webinar about surveillance evidence this afternoon when I received an email and a copy of a case from solicitor Steve Evans.* The judgment of HHJ Yelton (sitting in the High Court) in Kilbey -v-…
OPINION EVIDENCE AND DEFECTIVE WITNESS STATEMENTS: EVIDENCE NOT ALLOWED AT TRIAL
In Harlow -v- Aspect Contracts Ltd [2020] EWHC 1488 (TCC) Harlow v Aspect Contracts Ltd [2020] EWHC 1488 (TCC) Alexander Nissen QC (sitting as a High Court judge) allowed an application preventing the defendant relying on a witness statement that was,…
COVID REPEATS 43: FAREPAK: “A DOCUMENT CREATED IN THE LANGUAGE OF LAWYERS BY THE LAWYERS”
Today we are revisiting the observations of Mr Justice Smith in the Farepak case farepak-judges-statement. It presents an object lesson in the need for careful preparation of witness evidence and identifying precisely what “evidence” a witness can give. “The…
COVID REPEATS 41: OFFICE GOSSIP IS NOT EVIDENCE
This week we continue with our look back at cases in relation to witness evidence. This contains another reminder that there is a requirement, a mandatory requirement, that a witness making a witness statement gives the source of their information…
COVID REPEATS 40: ASKING LEADING QUESTIONS AND WITNESS STATEMENTS: THIS IS GOING TO END BADLY: EIGHT CRUCIAL POINTS ON EVIDENCE (& THEN 10 MORE)
This week we are looking at witness statements and the process of gathering witness evidence. In August 2015 I wrote at length about the judgment of Mr Justice Jay in Susan Saunderson & Others -v- Sonae Industria (UK) Ltd [2015] EWCA…
WITNESS STATEMENTS FULL OF VITRIOL – THIS IS NEVER GOING TO END WELL…
The “Covid Repeats” series next week will revisit some of those (many) cases where judges have found witness statements to be inadequate. The inclusion of unnecessary matters in witness statements is a continuing issue. It can be seen in the…
LIES, DAMN LIES AND LITIGATION: WHY PEOPLE TELL LIES AND WHAT DOES THE JUDGE DO? (A RECAP)
For various reasons issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and “lies” are in the news this week. Litigation is not always about lies or liars. Often it is about misunderstandings, mistaken recollection and people convincing themselves that they are correct….
ASSESSING WITNESS CREDIBILITY: A REMINDER OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES
Today is is a good day to look again at the judgment of Mr Justice Leggatt in Gestmin SGPS S.A. -v- Credit Suisse [2013] EWCA 3560 (Comm). This is case that is now mentioned regularly in cases involving witness recollection and…
COVID REPEATS 30: THE LYING WITNESS: THE APPROACH OF THE CIVIL COURTS
We are going back to what was the most widely read post on this blog in 2017 and 2018. It is about witnesses telling lies.Mr Justice Smith has observed that “witnesses can regularly lie”. How do lies impact upon the…
PROVING THINGS 176: RELYING ON MEMORY FROM EVENTS A LONG TIME BACK
I am grateful to David Platt QC for sending me a copy of the judgment given today of Geoffrey Tattersall QC (sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge) in Bannister -v- Freemans Public Limited Company [2020] EWHC 1256 (QB). …
THOSE WHO DRAFTED THE WITNESS STATEMENTS HAVE “FORGOTTEN WHAT THE ROLE OF THE WITNESS STATEMENT IS”: BACK TO BASICS FROM MR JUSTICE WAKSMAN
I am returning to more traditional territory in looking at the judgment of Mr Justice Waksman in PCP Capital Partners LLP & Anor v Barclays Bank Plc [2020] EWHC 646 (Comm). Witness evidence and witness statements have been a regular…
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