THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 40: THE CLAIMANT’S CASE ON CAUSATION WAS NOT PLEADED: THE CLAIMANT COULD NOT RELY ON MATTERS SET OUT IN CORRESPONDENCE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO A PLEADED CASE
This case has plenty of pleading issues, in particular in relation to a failure to plead causation and damages. This is one of many cases we have seen this year where claimants have failed to plead a case on causation….
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 39 : CASE ALLEGING NEGLIGENCE IN PLEADING DISMISSED – BECAUSE IT WAS NOT FULLY PLEADED (AND DID NOT ESTABLISH BREACH IN ANY EVENT)
This is the second time this month that we are looking at the slightly ironic situation of a case alleging negligence in the drafting of a pleading itself being dismissed because it was inadequately pleaded. This judgment highlights the fact…
COST BITES 311: YES THIS CASE WAS COST BUDGETED (AND THE PAYING PARTIES AGREED THE BUDGET): “ONLY THE CLAIMANTS CAN CATEGORICALLY ATTEST WHETHER THEY AGREED THE DEFENDANTS’ BUDGET TACTICALLY OR NOT”
There may well be a practice of one party agreeing their opponent’s budget “tactically”. That is by agreeing that budget it is hoped that their own budget will look appropriate in comparison. That is one of the issues being considered…
SERVICE POINTS 24: THE DEFENDANTS’ FAILURE TO DISPUTE JURISDICTION TIMEOUSLY MEANT THAT IT HAD WAIVED ISSUES RELATING TO SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM
One of the the issues that has arisen several times this year relates to whether there is an obligation on a defendant, who wishes to dispute the issue of service, to make an application under CPR Part 11. This is…
INTEREST ON PART 36 OFFERS: HOW SHOULD IT BE CALCULATED? GIVING THE CLAIMANT INTEREST ON COSTS BEFORE THEY WERE ACTUALLY INCURRED IS NOT AN ABSURDITY
This is an interesting Part 36 issue in a case where the claimant had beaten its own Part 36 offer. The court made an order for additional interest from the date of expiry of the offer. Does the defendant have…
AND THEY KEEP ON COMING… ANOTHER FALSE CITATIONS CASE: “I RELIED ON THE AI OVERVIEW” FROM GOOGLE
The cases continue to come. Some lawyers are continuing to rely upon artificial intelligence to produce false authorities. Here was a firm of solicitors (defending themselves) who relied on the AI contents of a Google search. Such searches are never…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 38: PARTICULARS OF CLAIM IN A £3,000,000 CLAIM STRUCK OUT: THE COURT USES A “CARROT AND STICK” APPROACH TO DEFECTIVE PLEADINGS
In this case the judge decided that the claimant’s pleaded case was so defective that the entire Particulars of Claim needed to be struck out. It is a working example of how pleadings need to be compliant and cannot be…
ANOTHER FALSE AND “HALLUCINATED” CITATION CASE: A SOLICITOR IS ACCOUNTABLE FOR WORK DONE BY THEIR STAFF: WASTED COSTS ORDER MADE
We have yet another case of “hallucinated” cases caused by artificial “intelligence” being cited in court. These have the capacity to, and indeed do, land lawyers in very hot water. Here false cases were put before the court in an…
SERVICE POINTS 23: THE COURT REFUSES TO RATIFY SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM BY EMAIL: “THE RESULTS ARE HARSH BUT THAT IS A NECESSARY CONSEQUENCE OF THE REGIME…”
We could, perhaps, run some kind of charity betting game on whether, and how many, cases there will be on service of the claim form between now and Christmas. The reason for not doing so it because it runs the…
EXPERT WATCH 25: EXPERT IN ELECTION CASE FAILS TO GET THE JUDGES’ VOTE: THE EXPERT SHOULD BE SENT (AND CONSIDER) CONTRADICTING EVIDENCE
There are not many cases where issues relating to expert evidence are considered in an Election Court. We have such a case here. The Court allowed expert evidence to be admitted. However it was unable to give any weight to…
COST BITES 310: COSTS, CONDUCT AND ADR: THE DEFENDANTS HAD NOT BEEN UNREASONABLE IN THEIR APPROACH TO MEDIATION: IT WOULD HAVE BEEN WHOLLY REASONABLE FOR THEM TO REFUSE TO MEDIATE IN ANY EVENT
The impact that a litigant has to mediation, and in particular a failure to properly respond to or participate in ADR, can have an impact on costs. However this is not automatic. Further there are cases (such as this) where…
WITNESS EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY: WHAT SHOULD A JUDGE DO WHEN THE FACTS ARE DISPUTED BUT WITNESSES ARE NOT CALLED TO GIVE EVIDENCE?
What is a judge to do if there is a dispute as to the facts but neither party calls evidence and there is no cross-examination? That is the question considered here. (How can a judge determine which witness is correct…
FUNDAMENTAL DISHONESTY AND CONTEMPT OF COURT: CLAIMANT BROUGHT A FRAUDULENT £3 MILLION CLAIM: SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT IMPOSED
This blog has looked at cases of fundamental dishonesty many times. It has to be remembered that, more often than not, bringing dishonest claims is also contempt of court. This case deals with the appropriate sentence that should be passed…
MAZUR MATTERS 39: CILEX APPLIES TO APPEAL MAZUR DECISION
An announcement on the CILEX website today states that it is applying for permission to appeal the decision in Mazur. The argument will be that, the Law Society, The SRA and the High Court construed the Solicitors Act incorrectly. Watch…
SERVICE POINTS 22: AN APPLICATION WAS PROPERLY SERVED WHEN IT WAS SENT BY FIRST CLASS “SIGNED FOR SERVICE”: THE FACT THAT THE RECIPIENT DID NOT COLLECT IT IS NOT RELEVANT
Here we look at a particular point in relation to the service of an application. The application had been sent by first class “signed for” service at an address given for service by the respondents. The respondents did not receive…
COST BITES 309: ISSUES OF SECURITY FOR COSTS CONSIDERED IN A SOLICITOR AND OWN CLIENT ASSESSMENT : WITH IMPORTANT POINTERS HERE FOR ALL SECURITY FOR COSTS APPLICATIONS: “I AM NOT PREPARED TO DECIDE THIS APPLICATION ON THE BASIS OF INFERENCE AND CONJECTURE”)
We are looking at an application relating to security for costs in the context of a solicitor and own client assessment. However, as the heading indicates, there are more general lesson here for all litigators. In particular the need to…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 37: PARTICULARS OF CLAIM STRUCK OUT: THEY “FAIL TO FULFIL ANY OF THE REQUIREMENTS IMPOSED FOR, AND PURPOSES TO BE SERVED BY, PARTICULARS OF CLAIM”
In this case the claimants claimed £292,806,729,326,976,872,097,543,994.24,(or alternatively £377,594,620,661.41.). However the court held that their pleaded case did not comply with the rules, and it was not possible for the defendants to know the case they had to meet. The…
SERVICE POINTS 21: VERY STRICT REQUIREMENTS APPLY IF YOU WANT TO AGREE AN EXTENSION OF TIME: THEY HAVE TO BE IN WRITING AND THEY HAVE TO BE TOTALLY CLEAR AS TO DATES…
We are looking at the same case again here, but from a slightly different angle. This relates to written agreements to vary court orders. Firstly the agreements have to be in writing; secondly they have to be totally clear as…
THE SOLICITOR AND THE STING OPERATION (3): THE AGENCY THAT CARRIED OUT A STING OPERATION ON A (RETIRED) JUDGE, AMONG OTHERS…
If you think that the account of enquiry agents carrying out a sting operation on the other side’s solicitor is remarkable then sit down for a while. That judgment also reveals that (in wholly unrelated proceedings) the agency in question…
THE SOLICITOR AND THE STING OPERATION (2): WHY THE JUDGE DID NOT ACCEPT THAT THE CLAIMANTS WERE UNAWARE OF THE STRATEGY BEING USED
We are returning again to the case where the claimants arranged the taping of meetings with the defendants’ solicitors. The judge was sceptical of the claimants’ assertions that they were not fully aware of the methods being used. (This case…
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE: THE LAW, PRACTICE AND SPECIAL CASES: WEBINAR 17th NOVEMBER 2025
You may be reading this for the second time – but it may be partly your own fault.… This webinar looks at the law relating to contributory negligence, the legislation and the key cases. Booking details are available here. …
SERVICE POINTS 20: ANOTHER ACTION FAILS BECAUSE OF NON-SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM: A REMINDER THAT CPR 7(6) IS VERY STRICT: THE COURT WOULD NOT IMPLY AN AGREEMENT FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE TIME FOR SERVICE
The sheer number of cases on mis-service of the claim form this year indicate that, in all litigator’s offices, there should be large signs that state “serve the claim form properly and on time”. Today we are looking at another…
PERMISSION TO APPEAL “SOME OTHER COMPELLING REASON” AND A FRIENDLY STATE
CPR 52.6(1)(b) states that a court can give permission to appeal where ” there is some other compelling reason for the appeal to be heard”. That rule is rarely considered. However we a direct consideration of that that rule in…
THE SOLICITOR AND THE “STING” OPERATION (1): THE METHODS USED TO EXTRACT INFORMATION FROM THE SOLICITOR: “HE WAS DECEIVED AND PLAYED FOR A FOOL…”
A party to an action hires an enquiry agent to deceive their opponent’s solicitor into giving them information. That scenario may seem far fetched but it is what actually happened in this this case. It is worthwhile looking closely at…
SERVICE POINTS 19: THE DEFENDANT WAS ALLOWED TO DISPUTE JURISDICTION DESPITE NOT USING PART 11 (AND, PERHAPS, A WORKING EXAMPLE OF WHY LITIGATORS NEED TO READ THIS BLOG…)
We are looking at another claim form case. This time the issue related to whether the defendant had made the correct application and, if it had not, whether it was prevented from arguing the court did not have jurisdiction. What…
THE DEFENDANTS’ SOLICITOR HAS BEEN “SET UP”, SECRETLY RECORDED AND TOLD US THINGS HE SHOULD NOT: NOW WE WANT SUMMARY JUDGMENT BASED ON THOSE RECORDINGS: QUITE A CASE THIS…
Here we have an extraordinary case. The claimants’ employed a private enquiry agent to meet, on a pretence, with the defendants’ solicitor. That meeting was used by the enquiry agent to obtain information about the defendants’ case. It was videoed…
MAZUR MATTERS 38: THE GUIDANCE FROM THE SOLICITORS REGULATION AUTHORITY: “MAZUR AND CONDUCTING LITIGATION”
The SRA have a specific page which, in turn, provides links to SRA guidance and the Legal Services Act, itself. These are useful links. They include a link to the SRA submissions in the Mazur case itself. “The Legal…
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE: A SERIES OF THREE WEBINARS THAT LOOK AT THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN DETAIL
Contributory negligence is one of the “Cinderella” subjects of legal practice. It is often alleged and often conceded. However the underlying principles that the courts apply are rarely looked at, let alone systematically. This is an important area because –…
COST BITES 308: SHOULD BUDGETING TAKE PLACE IN A £340 MILLION CASE? TAXIS DRIVERS WANT TO KNOW THE FARE IN ADVANCE
The usual “cut off” point for costs budgeting is £10 million. Here we are looking at a case where the court considering budgeting in a case with a value of £340 million. The judgment contains interesting, and important, observations on…
CONTEMPT OF COURT (3): DOES THE ABSENCE OF A PENAL NOTICE PREVENT COMMITTAL PROCEEDINGS? ARE THERE TWO TIERS OF COURT ORDER? THE COURT OF APPEAL HAS STRONG VIEWS…
Does the absence of a penal notice on a court order mean that a party in default cannot be subject to committal proceedings? This was the question addressed by the Court of Appeal in this case. The possibility that litigants…
CONTEMPT OF COURT (2): THE CHIEF CONSTABLE IS THE PERSON WHO COPS IT
We are continuing with the examination of the recent Court of Appeal decision on contempt of court. In particular who is the entity in “contempt”? This may have far reaching consequences, as well as being specific to the actions of…
MAZUR MATTERS 37: USEFUL LINKS: NEW GUIDANCE FROM THE LAW SOCIETY
The Law Society has earlier issued two new documents which are guides to Mazur. One is outside a paywall, the other is not. “Mazur – answering your questions” deals with many key issues. (Links are important on this topic -…
EXPERTS IN THE COURTS IN 2025: THE CASES (AND THE LESSONS) CONSIDERED IN A WEBINAR ON THE 20th NOVEMBER 2025
This has been quite a year for experts in the courts. All kinds of mistakes and errors have been reported upon. These are expensive issues for litigants and sometimes for the experts involved. This webinar looks at cases relating to…
CONTEMPT OF COURT (1) CONTEMPT NEED NOT BE “CONTUMELIOUS” (WHATEVER THAT MEANS): WHY CHIEF CONSTABLES, CHIEF EXECUTIVES, MINISTERS OF STATE AND BOSSES EVERYWHERE NEED TO PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO LITIGATION
I am breaking down this important Court of Appeal decision into a number of parts. We have already looked at the judgment as to the numerous “misleading” witness statements that were filed. The Court of Appeal also makes important observations…
WITNESS EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY: “MISLEADING AND UNTRUE STATEMENTS… HAVE BEEN MADE TO THE COURT ON BEHALF OF THE CHIEF CONSTABLE” (COURT OF APPEAL ARE NOT HAPPY…)
This week we are looking at a remarkable case. Shortly before a matter was due to be heard in the Court of Appeal the respondent (the Chief Constable of a police force) filed documents which showed that numerous witness statements…
CIVIL EVIDENCE: WHEN SURVEILLANCE EVIDENCE BECOMES OPPRESSIVE: “THIS STRATEGY REFLECTS VERY POORLY ON THOSE INVOLVED IN ITS DEVISING AND EXECUTION”
Surveillance evidence can be a wholly legitimate strategy in litigation. However it can tip over into oppressive conduct, particularly if it serves no real purpose. We have such an example here where the judge was critical of the claimant’s conduct…
APPEAL STRUCK OUT BECAUSE OF APPELLANTS’ FAILURE TO FILE A COMPLIANT BUNDLE: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED
All those involved in the appeal process, indeed litigation generally, are best advised to read this judgment. It is about the standard the court’s expect when an appeal is being brought. It is also about procedural failures and failures to…
DEFAULT AND SANCTIONS CASES IN THE COURTS IN 2025: WEBINAR 12th NOVEMBER 2025
This year has see more than its fair share of cases relating to default, sanctions and wasted costs. Knowing what those cases are, the problems that arose, how they were caused and the results are essential skills for litigators. More…
COURT CONSIDERS APPLICATION FOR FURTHER DISCLOSURE MADE ON THE THIRD DAY OF THE TRIAL: “THIS SHOULD HAVE BEEN MADE MANY MONTHS BEFORE…”
It is unusual for an application for further disclosure, particularly extensive disclosure, to be made part way through a trial. The judge considered such an application in this case. This led to the obvious question – why wasn’t this application…
TALES FROM THE COST LAW CONFERENCE SOME BRIEF POINTS (3): COSTS JUDGE SIMON BROWN ON THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF COSTS BUDGETING
Costs Judge Brown makes the point here that costs budgeting is here to stay. There are a few basic issues, the “nuts and bolts” of budgeting which help ensure that the whole process runs smoothly. (You can never underestimate the…
ANOTHER “BUNDLES” ISSUE: THE NEED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRACTICE DIRECTION ON THE CITATION OF AUTHORITIES; “I’M PICKING UP BAD CITATIONS” – THE REMIX…
It is often worthwhile looking at short judgments or comments at the end of a case, particularly in the Court of Appeal. They sometimes contain little gems of very useful information. We see that here in the short judgment of…
SERVICE POINTS 18: DECISION TODAY: THE CLAIMANT DID NOT ACTUALLY RECEIVE THE CLAIM FORM UNTIL AFTER IT EXPIRED, YET THE COURT OF APPEAL WAS UNYIELDING
We are continuing our examination of the Court of Appeal judgment today in relation to service of the claim form. The claimant’s solicitors received the claim form after the date it had expired. Nevertheless the Court of Appeal upheld the…
SERVICE POINTS 17: BREAKING NEWS… IMPORTANT DECISION ON THE DATE OF ISSUE OF THE CLAIM FORM FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL TODAY
The procedural problems caused by service of the claim form continue unabated. Here we look at a decision of the Court of Appeal today which highlights the very real dangers for claimants. Mistakes or delays by the court service may…
MAZUR MATTERS 35: DOES AN UNAUTHORISED PERSON SIGNING AN APPLICATION MEAN IT CAN BE STRUCK OUT “WITHOUT MORE”?
Here we are looking at case report which contains a reference to Mazur and appears to suggest that signature of an application by an unauthorised person means that the application is “liable to be struck out”. As it turns out…
COST BITES 306: ALLEGATIONS OF FRAUD TOOK CIRCUMSTANCES OUT OF THE NORM: INSURER ORDERED TO PAY INDEMNITY COSTS TO THE CLAIMANT
Here we look at a case where the judge found that the defendant’s conduct in alleging fraud was such that costs should be ordered on the indemnity basis. Among other things this judgment reminds us of the dangers of alleging…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 36: A “SCATTERGUN” APPROACH DOES NOT HELP THE CLAIMANTS’ CASE (NOR DOES FAILING TO PLEAD KEY ASSERTIONS OF BREACH AND DAMAGES…)
A “scattergun” approach is rarely wise in relation to allegations in pleadings. Here, however we have a case where the judge found that there was both a scattergun approach and a failure to plead in relation to key matters of liability…
TALES FROM THE COSTS LAW CONFERENCE SOME BRIEF POINTS 2: (MIS) CONDUCT IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS
Staying with the conference today. Costs Judge Leonard gave an interesting talk on “conduct” in the assessment process which he, said was more accurately about “misconduct in the assessment process. (This was one of Judge Leonard’s slides. It highlights the…
TALES FROM THE COSTS LAW CONFERENCE SOME BRIEF POINTS 1 : MAZUR ISSUES: WAS IT CORRECTLY DECIDED? WHY IT IS IMPORTANT THAT COST LAWYERS ARE REGULATED
Today I am writing directly from the Association of Costs Lawyers conference in London. Unsurprisingly the first two speakers considered Mazur. This is a highly abbreviated version of their talks. ANDREW ROY KC Andrew, kindly referring to this blog as…
MAZUR MATTERS 34: “LEGAL EXECUTIVES” AND THE RIGHT TO CONDUCT LITIGATION AN INTERESTING DISCUSSION PAPER FROM 2010: ANOTHER PIECE OF THE “HOW HAS THIS HAPPENED”? JIGSAW
We have, in the past few months, been addressing issues that arise from a statute passed some 18 years ago. The issues in relation to the obligation of solicitors and authorised persons (and only solicitors and authorised persons) to conduct litigation…
THE CURRENT IMPORTANCE OF PLEADINGS 35: THE DEFENDANTS’ ARGUMENT THAT THEY COULD RUN A PARTICULAR ARGUMENT ON THE BASIS OF THE CURRENT PLEADINGS WAS “NOTHING MORE THAN WISHFUL THINKING” (OR PERHAPS TANGERINE DREAMING)
Here we are looking at a pleadings issue that arose in the Intellectual Property Patents Court. The scientific issues here may be complex, however the rules remain the same. The judge found that that the defendants’ pleaded case did not…
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