DRAFTING WITNESS STATEMENTS IN THE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS AFTER THE 5th APRIL: THE QUESTIONS YOU ASK WILL DETERMINE THE ANSWERS YOU GET
This blog has looked in detail at the rule changes coming into force early next month. In particular there is a need for the whole process of taking witness statements to be transparent. Lawyers are enjoined not to ask leading…
“POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACTIONS THAT MAY HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THIS CASE INCLUDE PERJURY, CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD AND CONSPIRACY TO PERVERT THE COURT OF JUSTICE”: THE NON-EXISTENT TRIP TO ILKLEY
The judgment of HH Judge Davis-White QC (sitting as a High Court Judge) in The British University in Dubai v Ebrahimi [2021] EWHC 757 (Ch) contains clear findings of fact in relation to three witnesses. Among the matters of interest…
“WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A WITNESS STATEMENT AND SUBSTANTIVE SUBMISSIONS”
The title of this piece is a search term that led someone to this blog today. Again it caused me to repeat a point made several years ago on this blog. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVIDENCE AND SUBMISSIONS In a…
WITNESS STATEMENTS THE TIMES WILL SOON BE CHANGING: “A SOMEWHAT OVERLAWYERED DOCUMENT”: “A LOT OF COMMENT THAT IS INADMISSIBLE”
The judgment of John Kimbell QC (sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge) in One Blackfriars Ltd, Re [2021] EWHC 684 (Ch) provides a reminder as to why the strictures as to witness statements are being tightened next month. “It…
WITNESS STATEMENTS: KEEPING DRAFTS AND “THE SHREWSBURY 24”: LESSONS FROM PAST MISTAKES
It may seem strange to link the highly important Court of Appeal decision in Warren & Ors v R. [2021] EWCA Crim 413 with modern civil litigation. However this is an important case and there are direct parallels to many…
PROVING THINGS 207: CORPORATE INSOLVENCY AND CORONAVIRUS: A COMPANY STILL HAS TO PROVE SOLVENCY PROBLEMS WERE DUE TO COVID
In PGH Investments Ltd v Ewing [2021] EWHC 533 (Ch) Deputy ICC Judge Passfield considered questions of evidence in relation to the provisions that prevent winding up of a company when it can establish that its financial state is due…
COURT CAN COMPEL SOLICITOR TO ATTEND COURT TO EXPLAIN THEMSELVES (THIS CASE WAS OVERTURNED ON APPEAL)
NB THIS CASE WAS OVERTURNED ON APPEAL, SEE THE DECISION AT Hunt v Annolight Ltd & Ors [2021] EWCA Civ 1663 The decision of Mr Justice Saini in Hunt Annolight Ltd & Ors [2020] EWHC 3744 (QB) has just arrived on…
“WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF?” WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? 10 KEY POINTS RE-VISITED
The question “What’s the difference between knowledge and belief” was a search term that led to this blog yesterday. I mentioned this on Twitter and it has led to some interesting responses, ranging from the philosophical to the whimsical. You…
THE JUDICIAL USE OF FOOTNOTES: A WIFE TRYING TO RUN HUSBAND OVER WITH A VAN IS “ALWAYS A TELLTALE SIGN THAT A COUPLE ARE DRIFTING APART”
The number of people who had not read the judgement of Canadian judge J.W. Quinn looked at last Sunday made me think that this would be a good time to remind people of the judgment in Bruni -v- Bruni in 2010. The…
MEDIATION PRIVILEGE UPHELD: “PARTIES MUST BE FREE TO CANDIDLY DISCUSS ALL OPTIONS FOR SETTLEMENT”
In E (A Child) (Mediation Privilege), Re [2020] EWHC 3379 (Fam) Mr L Samuels QC (sitting as a High Court Judge) granted an application to prevent a party relying on matters that took place in a mediation. “Parties must be…
![WITNESS STATEMENTS IN THE DOCK AGAIN: "DESPITE HAVING EXPRESSLY ADOPTED THE WITNESS STATEMENTS IN EVIDENCE IN CHIEF [HE] COULD NOT CONFIRM THAT IT REPRESENTED HIS EVIDENCE"](https://i0.wp.com/www.civillitigationbrief.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/balalaika_garmon_shepherds_horn.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1)
WITNESS STATEMENTS IN THE DOCK AGAIN: “DESPITE HAVING EXPRESSLY ADOPTED THE WITNESS STATEMENTS IN EVIDENCE IN CHIEF [HE] COULD NOT CONFIRM THAT IT REPRESENTED HIS EVIDENCE”
The judgment of Mrs Justice Moulder in PJSC Tatneft v Bogolyubov & Ors [2021] EWHC 411 (Comm) provides a further example of the contention that obtaining witness evidence is probably not part of the “stock in trade” of those who…
CIVIL PROCEDURE BACK TO BASICS 91: MAKE SURE YOUR CLIENT IS STILL ALIVE WHEN YOU ISSUE – AT CERTAINLY AT THE TIME OF TRIAL: A SITUATION THAT IS UTTERLY BIZARRE
The facts in Amirtharaja & Anor v White & Anor [2021] EWHC 330 (Ch) are unusual to say the least. Someone who had died two years prior to issue was included as a party in a claim form. The matter…
PROVING THINGS 204: WHY FIRST-HAND EVIDENCE IS IMPORTANT: “THE FIRST HAND EVIDENCE… IS TO BE PREFERRED OVER THOSE WHO GAVE EVIDENCE FOR THE BANK”
In Lynch v Cadwallader & Anor [2021] EWHC 328 (Ch) Chief Insolvency Court Judge Briggs considered the Gestmin principles in a case where a bank failed to establish that a client had signed a guarantee. It is a good example…
EVIDENCE AND WITNESS STATEMENTS: AVOIDING THE PITFALLS: WEBINAR 25th FEBRUARY 2021
I am giving a webinar on avoiding the pitfalls in evidence and witness statements on the 25th February 2021. Details are available here. “Unfortunately, rules practice directions and guidance as to the content of witness statements appeal to be…
ANOTHER UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO SQUEEZE EXPERT EVIDENCE INTO A WITNESS STATEMENT
A common search term that leads to this blog is “opinion evidence in witness statements”, this remains a major issue in many areas of practice. It can be seen in the judgment of HHJ Hacon in Penhallurick v MD5 Ltd…
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCURATE WITNESS STATEMENTS: TURN DOWN £60,000 AND PAY OUT £90,000 INSTEAD…
One case that exemplifies the dangers of taking an “incomplete” witness statement is the decision of Judge Keyser Q.C. In Kellie & Kellie -v- Wheatley & Lloyd Architects Ltd [2014] EWHC 2866(TCC. This case gives a working example of the…
KIDS CLUB AND THE DANGERS OF SELECTIVE EVIDENCE: WITNESS STATEMENTS IN AN INSOLVENCY CONTEXT
The decision in the Official Receiver -v- Batmanghelidh and others [2021] EWHC 175 (Ch) involves some consideration of the way in which the claimant presented the evidence. Whilst the claimant was under a particular duty in this case this involves…
PROCEDURE, SUMMARY JUDGMENT, “SURMISE AND MICAWBERISM” AND… THE ROYAL FAMILY
A blog about civil procedure doesn’t get to write about the Royal Family much. However the judgment of Mr Justice Warby in HRH The Duchess of Sussex v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2021] EWHC 273 (Ch) strays into our territory. There…
RULE CHANGES COMING INTO FORCE IN APRIL 2021(1): VULNERABLE WITNESSES AND THE OVERRIDING OBJECTIVE
There are some rule changes coming into force in April this year, introduced by the Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2021, these come into force on the 6th April 2021. AMENDMENT TO THE OVERRIDING OBJECTIVE The new rules are referred to,…
GIVING THE SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND BELIEF IN WITNESS STATEMENTS: A MANDATORY OBLIGATION THAT IT IS DANGEROUS TO OVERLOOK
We have looked many times at cases where problems have occurred because someone making a witness statement fails to comply with the mandatory obligation to give the sources of their information and belief. The problems this can lead to are shown…
WHY CAN’T YOU ASK LEADING QUESTIONS IN COURT (AND WHY SHOULDN’T YOU DO IT WHEN PREPARING A WITNESS STATEMENT)
A search term that led to this blog today was “why can’t the case presenter or representative can ask his witness leading questions during evidence-in – chief?” Examination in chief is rare in civil cases. The dangers of asking leading…
PROVING THINGS 203: EVIDENCE AND SCOTT SCHEDULES IN COERCIVE CONTROL CASES: SCOTT SCHEDULES “INEFFECTIVE AND FREQUENTLY UNSUITABLE”
In F v M [2021] EWFC 4 Mr Justice Hayden considered issues relating to fact finding in a case of “coercive control”. Although the difficulties here are in the context of a family case, the issues will have some relevance…
ANOTHER WITNESS STATEMENT THAT STRAYED INTO INADMISSIBLE ARGUMENTS, PROTRACTED COMMENTARY AND EXPERT EVIDENCE
There have been a number of recent cases regarding the appropriate drafting of witness statements, in particular attempts to put much inadmissible material into statements. This can be seen in the judgment of HH Russen QC in Philipp v Barclays…
PROVING THINGS 201: THE WHITE LION HOTEL CASE AND PROVING BREACH OF DUTY BY AN OCCUPIER
In the judgment in The White Lion Hotel (A Partnership) v James [2021] EWCA Civ 31 the Court of Appeal set out some importance principles in relation to claims based on the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957. The court upheld a…
PROVING THINGS 200: ALL THE SERIES IN ONE PLACE: THE (VERY) EXPENSIVE COSTS OF FAILING TO THINK FULLY ABOUT EVIDENCE
There are now 200 posts in the “Proving Things” Series. These centre, usually, on a failure to establish matters at trial. Sometimes the failures are dramatic. In Marathon Asset Management LLP -v- Seddon [2017] EWHC 300 (Comm) i the claimants had…
CLAIMANT NOT SUCCESSFUL IN APPLICATION THAT A WITNESS ATTEND IN PERSON AND NOT REMOTELY
In Langley v GMB & Ors [2020] EWHC 3619 (QB) Mrs Justice Stacy refused a claimant’s application for an order that a defendant’s witness attend court personally. The matter could proceed fairly with the witness attending remotely. This judgment (given…
“HIS WITNESS STATEMENT … CONTAINED A GREAT DEAL OF ANALYSIS, SUBMISSION AND COMMENTARY ON DOCUMENTS”
Because of the imminent changes in the rules in the Business and Property courts it is an opportune time to see how often the basic principles of witness evidence are not being observed. We see this in the judgment in YJB…
PROVING THINGS 198: “NOT RELIABLE EVIDENCE”: THOSE EMAILS MAY NOT BE ALL THEY SEEM
In Richards v Harvey [2021] EWHC 21 (Ch) HHJ Cooke, doubted the authenticity of emails relied upon by the claimant. It is a reminder of the importance of a notice to prove. “This document is not reliable evidence of…
PROVING THINGS 197: PROVING LOSS OF EARNINGS IN A PANDEMIC: ACTUAL EARNINGS EXCEEDED POTENTIAL EARNINGS
Sicri v Associated Newspapers Ltd (Rev 1) [2020] EWHC 3541 (QB) is an unusual case in many ways. There are issues that are sensitive and require careful consideration. However there are also observations about claiming loss of earnings and proving…
A WITNESS STATEMENT SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO ARGUE THE CASE: YET ANOTHER JUDICIAL REMINDER
In Ceviz v Frawley & Anor [2021] EWHC 8 (Ch) HHJ Keyser QC made observations about a witness statement. This case highlights the need for practitioners to be aware of the limitations of witness statement. If this kind of statement…
IT IS UNLAWFUL TO TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS OF A TRIAL CONDUCTED REMOTELY
In SLF Associates Inc v (1) HSBC (UK) Bank Plc & Ors [2021] EWHC 5 (Ch) Master Kaye pointed out that taking photographs of participants in a remote court was unlawful. THE CASE The Master was giving judgment in a…
CIVIL PROCEDURE BLOG AND ARTICLES ROUNDUP – DECEMBER 2020
A round up of posts and articles relating to civil procedure from November 2020. COSTS ACL – Definition of proportionality to be expanded to include vulnerability ACL – High Court upholds assessment of success fee in high-value clinical negligence case ACL – Supreme…
REVIEW OF CIVIL PROCEDURE IN 2020 III : SOME FACTS AND FIGURES: POPULAR BLOG POSTS, VISITOR NUMBERS AND SEARCH TERMS
Needless to say this has been an unusual year for litigators. It is always interesting to review what have been the most popular posts on this blog and look at some facts and figures. Can we tell anything about the…
STRAIGHTFORWARD LANGUAGE IS BEST: MISSIVE FROM THE BENCH: LAYWYERS MAY HAVE IMPROVED OVER TIME – OTHERS HAVE NOT
In Secretary of State for Business Energy And Industrial Strategy v Evans & Anor [2020] EWHC 3519 (Ch) (18 December 2020) Deputy Insolvency and Companies Court Judge Baister had something to say about the absence of plain language in the…
EXPERTS NOT REALLY NECESSARY WHEN A JUDGE LOOKS AT BALLET SHOES: EVIDENCE SHOULD HAVE BEEN MORE EN POINTE
Instructing experts in circumstances where they are not necessary, or their evidence is not admissible, is a common theme in litigation. This issue was considered by Mr David Stone (sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge) in Rothy’s Inc v…
A SERIES OF WEBINARS ON “STAYING SAFE” IN PERSONAL INJURY PRACTICE: BRIGHTEN UP YOUR NEW YEAR
To help 2021 run smoothly for litigators I am presenting a series of webinars in February and March on the theme of “staying safe” in the running of personal injury cases. The webinars look at key areas of practice and…
PROVING THINGS 190: PROVING LOSS OF EARNINGS (1) : THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WITNESS STATEMENT: THE QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK
The basic task of proving damages, particularly elements such as loss of earnings and disability in the labour market, are often overlooked in witness statements prepared for trial, both in personal injury actions and other actions were loss of income…
WITNESS STATEMENTS THAT REQUIRE TRANSLATION OR WHERE THE MAKER IS NOT LITERATE: FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH RULES IS NOT SIMPLY A “TECHNICAL BREACH”
In Diamond v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2020] EWHC 3313 Mr Justice Calver considered the weight to be attached to witness statements that did not comply with the Civil Procedure Rules. The case shows why everyone should…
JUDGE REFUSES TO RECONSIDER CRITICISMS OF EXPERT WITNESS IN A JUDGMENT: EXPERT DUTIES CANNOT BE DELEGATED
In Neurim Pharmaceuticals (1991) Ltd & Anor v Generics UK Ltd (t\a MYLAN) [2020] EWHC 3270 (Pat) Mr Justice Marcus Smith made some observations about the role of the expert witness and the importance of their evidence being criticised in…
“SADLY, THIS IS AN ALL-TOO-COMMON FAILURE IN WITNESS STATMENTS PROVIDED IN CIVIL LITIGATION”
The comments of Mr Justice Murray today in Guest Supplies Intl Ltd v South Place Hotel Ltd & Anor [2020] EWHC 3307 (QB) repeat what has been mentioned numerous times on this blog. “It will perhaps be seen from…
A BARRISTER OF “GOOD JUDGEMENT”: WHEN THE PERSON WHO USUALLY DOES THE CROSS-EXAMINING IS IN THE WITNESS BOX
The judgment of Mr Justice Jay in Torrance v Bradberry [2020] EWHC 3260 (QB) is one that should be read by every practising lawyer. It is a case of a lawyer as defendant, being accused of negligence in their conduct…
PROVING THINGS 187: THE CAMERA MAY LIE: THE IMPORTANCE OF DATES ON PHOTOGRAPHS
Today we are journeying into the Family Court to look at the judgment of Mrs Justice Judd in K v G [2020] EWHC 3209 (Fam). It shows the importance of obtaining metadata in relation to documents. In this case the…
WITNESS STATEMENTS SHOULD “NOT MAKE POINTS WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY A MATTER FOR LEGAL SUBMISSION OR ARGUMENT”: HIGH COURT DECISION
In Flaxby Park Ltd v Harrogate Borough Council [2020] EWHC 3204 (Admin) Mr Justice Holgate made some telling comments on witness statements. Statements should not provide a commentary on documents or make points which are essentially legal submissions or argument. …
RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS GRANTED WHEN NOTICE TO RELY ON HEARSAY EVIDENCE NOT SERVED AHEAD OF TRIAL
In ST (A Minor) & Anor v L Primary School (Rev 2) [2020] EWHC 1046 (QB) Deputy Master Hill QC granted relief from sanctions where the claimant failed to serve a notice of intention to rely on hearsay evidence prior…
REMOTE HEARINGS: TRIAL CAN GO AHEAD WITH PARTICIPANTS FROM ABROAD ALLOWED TO WATCH (SUBJECT TO SAFEGUARDS)
In the judgment this morning in Huber & Anor v X-Yachts (GB) Ltd & Anor [2020] EWHC 3082 (TCC) Mr Justice Kerr rejected an argument that participants in a civil trial could not continue to watch the trial if they…
WITNESS STATEMENTS COULD BE DISCLOSED IF MENTIONED IN OPEN COURT: DEPP, THE UNCALLED WITNESSES AND THE MEDIA
There are many aspects of the judgment in Depp II v News Group Newspapers Ltd & Anor [2020] EWHC 2911 (QB) that have gained wide media attention. Here I want to look at two issues in relation to the failure…
APPLICATION TO ADDUCE NEW PHOTOGRAPHS AFTER FINAL SUBMISSIONS REFUSED: DENTON PRINCIPLES APPLIED
In Mullane v Davies [2020] EW Misc 25 (CC) HHJ Jarman QC refused an application by a party to admit new photographs after closing submissions. The Denton principles applied and militated against granting relief from sanctions. “Such noncompliance is serious,…
THE IMPORTANCE OF GETTING EVIDENCE EARLY: “I DON’T REMEMBER NOW & I WON’T REMEMBER ANYTHING IF I COME TO COURT”
The observations of Mr Justice Nicklin in Rayner v Seabourne-Hawkins [2020] EWHC 2895 (QB) highlight the importance of gathering evidence promptly. It also contains the text of a highly perceptive letter from a prospective witness that, in many ways, highlights…
BROKEN PROMISES: PROPRIETARY ESTOPPEL IN THE MODERN WORLD: ONLINE EVENT 15th OCTOBER 2020
Several of my colleagues are taking place in this online event. Proprietary estoppel has become important in recent years in relation the ownership and transfer of property. There are many recent cases relating to farming families in particular, they give…
VIDEO EVIDENCE NOT ALLOWED AT TRIAL: APPEAL AGAINST REFUSAL DISMISSED: A “STORM IN A TEACUP”
In Wilcox v King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [2020] EWHC 2555 (QB) Mrs Justice Lambert dismissed an appeal against a refusal by a defendant to allow video evidence to be adduced at trial. The evidence was not relevant and…
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