INADEQUATE DISCLOSURE LEADS TO DEFENCE BEING STRUCK OUT – EVENTUALLY: CASE THAT WAS NOT A WALK IN THE PARK
There is a brief report on Lawtel today of the case of Powell -v- Watford Borough Council, a decision made yesterday by Mr Justice Jay (10th July 2017) in the Royal Courts of Justice . This post is based in…
FAILURE TO RESPOND TO PART 18 REQUESTS PROPERLY LEADS TO STRIKE OUT: NO SECOND BITE OF THE CHERRY IN RELATION TO RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS
There are relatively few reported cases about Part 18 questions. The decision of the Court of Appeal today in Griffith -v- Gourgey [2017] EWCA Civ 926 shows the dangers of failing to respond fully and properly. “This shows the necessity…
AMENDMENT, PLEADINGS, NEARLY OPPRESSIVE CONDUCT AND PROLIX WITNESS STATEMENTS: MASTER ISSUES AN EARLY WARNING
In Williers -v Joyce [2017] EWHC 1225 (Ch) Chief Master Marsh issued a number of warnings in relation to procedural issues. Amendment, conduct, pleadings, disclosure and witness statements are considered. (The judgment also contains a full copy of the re-amended…
A “DEFENCE STRAIGHT OUT OF THE 1970S”: DEFENDANT’S PLEADINGS 40 YEARS OUT OF DATE
Some defences are inadequate. Some are (rightly) struck out. Some do not recognise the essential difference between a non-admission and a denial. A series of denials is, the case law makes clear, an inappropriate and archaic way of proceeding. “Churchill’s…
PARTICULARS OF CLAIM MUST BE IN A FORM THAT THE DEFENDANT CAN RESPOND TO: PLEADINGS STRUCK OUT ALTHOUGH THE CLAIM WAS NOT
In Kaplan -v- Super PCS LLP [2017] EWHC 1165 (Ch) Mrs Justice Rose struck out the particulars of claim because it was impossible for the defendants to respond to it. It is an object lesson that, even in a complex…
PLEADINGS, FACTS AND EXPERT EVIDENCE: EXPERT SHOULD NOT “USURP THE FUNCTION OF THE COURT”
There is an interesting discussion of the purpose of pleadings and expert evidence in the judgment of HH Parkes QC in PP -v- The Home Office [2017] EWHC 663 (QB). The fact that an expert report is referred to in…
PROVING THINGS 59: TO GET SPECIAL DAMAGES YOU HAVE TO PLEAD THEM AND PROVE THEM (EVEN IN DEFAMATION CASES)
In Lisle-Mainwaring -v- Associated Newspapers Ltd [2017] EWHC 543 (QB) Judge Parkes QC (sitting as a Deputy Judge of the High Court) declined to award the claimant special damages for financial outlay on the grounds that they were never properly…
AMENDMENT PROVIDES A BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATERS: PERMISSION TO AMEND TO CLARIFY POSITION OF PARTY PERMITTED
Decisions on amendment and limitation arguments are cropping up at the moment. Here we look at the judgment of Master Kay QC in Highways England Company Limited -v- B.G. Rodwell Limited[2017] EWHC 118(QB). The defendant raised issues under Section 35…
APPEALS, COUNTER-SCHEDULES AND A RESERVE POSITION: NOT MANNA FOR THE DEFENDANTS
We will be looking at the Court of Appeal decision in Manna -v- Central Manchester Hospitals NHS Trust [2017] EWCA Civ 12 twice today. Here I want to look at the difficulties the defendant had in arguing a point in…
COURT FEES AND STRIKING OUT: ANOTHER CASE
There is a brief report on Browne Jacobson Insurance Law about a case that struck out because of a failure to pay the correct fees. THE REPORT The report is brief and does not give the date of the judgment…
TOO LONG OR TOO SHORT: SCHEDULES and COUNTER-SCHEDULES: THE "CINDERELLAS" OF THE LITIGATION PROCESS
One important, but often overlooked, element of procedure and legal drafting is the preparation of the schedule of damages and the counter-schedule. The rules relating to these documents are sparse. However these are important documents, often impacting upon the credibility…
"SECOND HAND" SIGNATURES WILL NOT DO -"PRE-SIGNING" THE STATEMENT OF TRUTH? – NOT A GOOD IDEA
This blog has covered the importance of the statement of truth on many occasions. However the issues revealed in the Solicitors Disciplinary hearing in SRA -v- Jackson reveals a remarkably insouciant approach to the statement of truth. THE CASE The…
REPLIES AND DEFENCE TO COUNTERCLAIM: A PRIMER
Two recent posts* have highlighted the difficulties that can exist with the filing of Replies and Defence to Counterclaim. Here is a short Primer. A REPLY If the Defence does not contain a counterclaim a Reply is not mandatory. There…
IF YOU ARE GOING TO DRAFT PLEADINGS THEN DO IT PROPERLY: A REPLY AND DEFENCE TO COUNTERCLAIM IS NOT A MERE FORMALITY
A post last month highlighted a case where a defendant obtained judgment in default on a counterclaim. The judge refused to set aside the judgment and, in effect, the claimant’s entire claim failed. There is a clear and obvious need…
DEFENDANT REFUSED PERMISSION TO ADDUCE FURTHER EVIDENCE: LATE EVIDENCE IS ALWAYS A PROBLEM
I am grateful to barrister Michelle Fanneran for sending me a copy of the decision of His Honour Judge Cotter QC in the case of Moore -v- Plymouth Hospitals Trust (11th May 2016). This involves consideration of relief from…
STRIKING OUT A PLEADING WHEN IT DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE RULES
In Jones -v- Longley [2016] EWHC 1309 (Ch) Master Matthews considered the criteria for striking out a pleading, in this case a counterclaim. There are important observations on the needs for pleadings to comply with the rules; on the fact…
SIGNING A STATEMENT OF TRUTH ON BEHALF OF A CLIENT: GET THE WORDING RIGHT
On more than one occasion on this blog we have looked at cases where the courts have questioned the wisdom of a lawyer signing a statement of truth on behalf of a client. In Galdikas -v- DJ Houghton Catching Services…
ADVOCACY – THE JUDGE’S VIEW II: "USEFUL","JUST & CHEAP": GUIDANCE FROM DOWN UNDER
The post earlier this week on Things Lawyers do to Annoy Judges was, without doubt, one of the most publicised and read posts on this blog. However it also opened up a rich train of enquiry: what do judges write…
STATEMENTS OF CASE & THE STATEMENT OF TRUTH: CAN A PARTY ARGUE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS?
There are some interesting observations by Mr Justice Leggatt in ED&F Sugar ltd -v- T&L Sugar Ltd [2016] EWHC 272 (Comm). KEY POINTS A statement of truth which supported particulars of claim was a statement of fact. An assertion in…
FAILING TO PLEAD CASE FULLY CAN LEAD TO YOUR ACTION GOING DOWN THE DRAIN
The Court of Appeal decision today in the case of Court -v- Van Dijk [2016] EWCA Civ 438 is the third case within a month where the courts have considered the adequacy of statements of case. It is also has…
WITNESS STATEMENTS CANNOT REPLACE PLEADINGS &"CUT AND PASTE" WITNESS STATEMENTS ARE UNLIKELY TO IMPRESS
In Chong -v- Alexander [2015] EWHC 735 (CH) Richard Spearman Q.C. (sitting as a Deputy Judge) had to consider several issues relating to statements of case and witness evidence. “…the typographical error (“At” instead of “As”), is replicated in a…
PROVING THINGS 18: DAMAGES; CAR HIRE; PROOF AND SUMMARY JUDGMENT
The burden is (usually) on a claimant to prove a loss. There is an interesting discussion on the need to prove “need” in the decision of District Judge Read in Frankland -v- U.K. Insurance Ltd (10th August 2015) which was…
CASE FAILS BECAUSE OF MATTERS NOT PLEADED: ANOTHER LESSON FOR PLEADERS
The decision of His Honour Judge David Grant yesterday in Bridgland -v- Earlsmead Estates Limited [2016] EWHC B9 (TCC) makes salutary reading for anyone who drafts pleadings. If the claimants had pleaded their case differently they may have won. It…
A CASE YOU MUST READ IF YOU THINK PLEADINGS ARE NOT IMPORTANT
The opening paragraphs of the Court of Appeal decision today in The Prudential Assurance Company Limited -v- Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2016] EWCA Civ 376 should be compulsory reading for anyone who considers that pleadings can be…
DELAY, DISCRETION AND SETTING ASIDE JUDGMENT
In the judgment today in Albesher -v- Ryan [2016] EWHC 541 (Comm) Mr Justice Walker considered issues of delay in an application to set aside a default judgment. KEY POINTS A regular judgment was set aside because there was…
LATE APPLICATIONS TO AMEND & WITNESS STATEMENTS DELIBERATELY NOT SERVED: THIS DOESN'T END WELL FOR THE DEFAULTING PARTY
In Birch -v- Beccanor Limited & Dixon [2016] EWHC 265 (Ch) Mr Justice Norris refused an application for late amendment. He also refused an application to adjourn in circumstances where the defendant had deliberately served witness evidence late. KEY POINTS The…
LATE AMENDMENT ALLOWED: TRIAL DATE MOVED: A CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE CASE
In G -v- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Appeal [2016] EWHC 104 (QB) Mrs Justice May granted the claimant permission to amend the Particulars of Claim even though this meant moving a 7 day trial listed in early April…
TEN NEW YEAR'S RESOLUTIONS FOR LITIGATORS IN 2016
Some resolutions to keep you prosperous and out of difficulties in 2016. (Happy New Year) 1. NEVER, EVER, GUESS ABOUT A LIMITATION PERIOD (OR TAKE A CLIENT’S WORD FOR IT) Litigators of all types must have a clear idea about…
LATE AMENDMENT TO PLEADINGS SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ALLOWED: CLAIMANT COMES TO GRIEF ON APPEAL
In Ali -v- Siddique [2015] EWCA Civ 1258 the Court of Appeal overturned a decision granting permission to amend the Particulars of Claim. Consequently the defendant’s appeal was allowed and the claimant’s action failed. KEY POINTS There is a heavy…
ISSUING WITHOUT AUTHORITY: THE DANGERS OF SOLICITORS SIGNING STATEMENTS OF TRUTH: ACTION STRUCK OUT AS AN ABUSE OF PROCESS
This blog has looked, several times, at the dangers of solicitors signing documents which contain a statement of truth. The risks are clearly set out in the decision of Mrs Justice Rose today in Bao Xiang International Garment Centre -v-…
PLEADINGS PROOF AND EVIDENCE: CONFUSION IN ONE OFTEN LEADS TO PROBLEMS WITH THE OTHER
In Mann -v- Shelfside Holdings Limited [2015] EWHC 2583 (QB) the pleadings required rectifying at the start of the trial. The case is an interesting example of problems with pleading and proof. “This is not just a minor pleading point…
LATE AMENDMENT OF PLEADINGS: A RELATIVE CONCEPT: HAGUE PLANT APPLIED
When is an application to amend pleadings made late, more particularly too late? This is something we have looked at several times before. It was considered by H.H. Judge Keyser Q.C. in Hamizay Limited -v- Robin Swailes [2015] EWHC B14(Ch)….
THAT "PARTIAL" ADMISSION: IT IS STILL BINDING AND YOU MAY NOT BE ALLOWED TO RESILE FROM IT
The judgment of Mr Justice William Davis in Cavell -v- Transport for London [2015] EWCA 2283 (QB) has some important observations in relation to admissions and attempts to resile from admissions. “It cannot be in those interests to permit the…
THINKING OF ALLEGING OR PLEADING FRAUD: BETTER READ THIS FIRST
In NGM Sustainable Developments Ltd -v- Wallis [2015] EWHC 2089 (Ch) Mr Justice Peter Smith highlighted the importance of full and accurate pleading of a case alleging fraud. “…in commercial matters the parties and their lawyers tend to work long…
EXTENDING TIME FOR SERVING PARTICULARS OF CLAIM: AN APPLICATION AHEAD OF TIME SAVES THE DAY
In Lachaux -v- Independent Print Ltd [2015] EWHC 1847 (QB) Mr Justice Nicol considered the question of whether the court has power to prospectively order an extension of time for service of the particulars of claim. He also considered the…
MAKING FINDINGS OF FRAUD WITHOUT A PARTY BEING REPRESENTED 2: A HEARING IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
In MRH Solicitors -v- The County Court sitting at Manchester [2015] EWHC 1795 (Admin) the Administrative Court, in essence, overturned findings of fraud against solicitors who had not been notified of the allegations and not given any opportunity to respond….
"TAKING THE STATEMENT OF TRUTH LIGHTLY": CONTEMPT OF COURT WHEN DOCUMENTS WERE "CREATED" LONG AFTER THE EVENT
In GB Holdings Ltd -v- Short [2015] EWHC 1378 (TCC) Mr Justice Coulson reviewed the authorities and principles relating to applications for contempt of court when it is alleged that a witness has forged documents in relation to the action….
AMENDING PLEADINGS LATE 1: WANI LLP -v- RBS: A MATTER OF INTEREST?
There have been a few cases recently relating to fairly last minute attempts to amend pleadings. The principles governing applications were considered by Mr Justice Henderson in Wani LLP -v- The Royal Bank of Scotland [2015] EWHC 1181 (Ch). It…
COCKELL –v- HOLTON AND MISLEADING HEADLINES: IT WASN'T THE WRONG EMAIL ADDRESS THAT KILLED THE COUNTERCLAIM
There are many reports in the legal press that deal with the relief from sanctions issue in Cockell -v- Holton (No 2) [2015] EWHC 1117 (TCC). Many of these concentrate upon the initial failure to lodge the pleading at court because…
AMENDED PLEADING FILED LATE: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED: THE NEED TO PLEAD THE CASE PROPERLY
In Cockell -v- Holton (No 2) [2015] EWHC 1117 (TCC) the defendant made a mistake in typing an e mail address so that an amended Defence and Counterclaim was served late. The application for relief from sanctions was refused. The…
JUDGES MUST "CONTEND WITH THE CHANGING FASHIONS OF APPELLATE COURTS": ANOTHER LATE WITNESS STATEMENT; ANOTHER CASE WHERE RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED
“This is yet another appeal concerning the proper application of CPR 3.9 as to relief from sanctions.” The opening words of the judgment of Mr Justice Cranston in Fouda -v- The Mayor & Burgesses of the London Borough of Southwark…
INTERIM PAYMENTS; SERIOUS INJURY; ACCOMMODATION AND EELES
The very first post on this blog was a review of the law relating to interim payments in personal injury cases after Eeles. This issue was raised against in the decision of Grainger -v- Cooper [2015] EWHC 1132 (QB). THE…
FAILURE TO GIVE ADEQUATE REPLIES TO PART 18 QUESTIONS LEADS TO ACTION BEING STRUCK OUT: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED
In his judgment today in Griffith -v- Gourgey [2015] EWHC 1080 (Ch) Mr Justice Simon addressed the issue of whether an action stands struck out if a party gives inadequate replies to Part 18 questions after a peremptory order has…
PLEADING, PARTICULARITY, SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND STRIKING OUT: WAIT UNTIL AFTER DISCLOSURE
In Dellal -v- Dellal [2015] EWHC 907 (Fam) Mr Justice Mostyn made some important observations about the need for particularity in pleading THE CASE The claimant was bringing an action under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975…
FATAL ACCIDENT AND FATAL PLEADINGS: THE NEED TO PLEAD AND PROVE FOREIGN LAW
On the face of it the case of Bianco -v- Bennett [2015] EWHC 626 (QB) is simply a case about fatal accidents. I was going to discuss it solely on the Fatal Accident Blog. On close reading, however, it reveals…
HAYWARD MAY HAVE BEEN WAYWARD BUT THERE WAS NO LOOKING BACKWARD: SETTLED CLAIM NOT RE-OPENED
In Hayward -v- Zurich Insurance Company PLC [2015] EWCA Civ 327 today the Court of Appeal overturned a decision that a claimant should repay a large part of a personal injury award from an earlier settled action. This decision makes…
LITIGATE IN HASTE AND YOU WON'T NECESSARILY BE ALLOWED TO AMEND AT LEISURE: SU-LING -v- GOLMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL
In the judgment today in Quah Su-Ling -v- Goldman Sachs International [2015] EWHC Mrs Justice Carr DBE refused a claimant permission to amend her particulars of claim at a late stage. The judgment contains a succinct review of the law…
PLEADINGS SHOULD CONTAIN FACTS NOT ARGUMENT OR RHETORIC
There have been a surprising number of occasions recently where judges have had to draw attention to the basic principles of pleadings. Pleading are for facts, nor argument or “rhetoric”. Another example can be seen in the judgment of Sir…
PLEADINGS, EVIDENCE & PUTTING THE CLAIMANT TO PROOF: AHMED -v- LALIK & THE CO-OP
In Ahmed -v- Lalik & Co-operative Insurance Society Limited [2015] EWCA 651 (QB) Mr Justice Cranston considered some important issues in relation to pleading, evidence and procedure in a case where a defendant insurer has suspicions about the nature of…
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